| A |
ampere; used to represent "acid wash" in some bleaching sequence nomenclature |
| Å |
Angstrom |
| AA |
active alkali; spell out first time |
| AB |
Aktiebolaget (Swedish equivalent of "Co."); always use abbrev. |
| ABTCP |
Associação Brasileira Tècnica de Celulose e Papel (Brazilian Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry); spell out first time |
| ac |
alternating current (noun and adj.); use abbrev. |
| AC |
alkali cellulose; spell out first time |
| ACFM |
actual cubic feet per minute; use "actual ft3/min" first time |
| ACS |
American Chemical Society; spell out first time |
| ACV |
autocovariance, process control |
| a.d. |
air-dry, air-dried |
| A.D. |
anno domini; number follows: A.D. 500 |
| admt |
air dried metric ton |
| AF&PA |
American Forest & Paper Association (formerly the American Paper Institute, API) |
| AG |
Aktiengesellschaft (German equivalent of "Co."); always use abbrev. |
| AHQ |
anthrahydroquinone, C6H4(OH)2,the reduced form of anthraquinone |
| A·h |
ampere-hour |
| AIChE |
American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| AICC |
Association of Independent Corrugated Converters |
| AISI |
American Iron and Steel Institute |
| AKD |
alkylketene dimer |
| a.m. |
time from midnight to noon |
| ANM |
Australian Newsprint Mills |
| ANSI |
American National Standards Institute; spell out first time |
| AOX |
adsorbable organic halogens, spell out first time |
| APA |
American Pulpwood Association or American Plywood Association; spell out first time |
| API |
American Paper Institute; now the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) |
| APMA |
American Paper Machinery Association |
| Appita |
Technical Association of the Australian and New Zealand Pulp and Paper Industry |
| AQ |
anthraquinone; spell out first time |
| AR |
analytical reagent; spell out first time |
| ARL |
average run length |
| ASA |
alkenyl succinic anhydride |
| ASB |
aerated stabilization basin |
| ASTM |
American Society for Testing and Materials; spell out first time; Philadelphia |
| ATCP |
Asociacion Tecnica de la Celulosa y el Papel de Chile |
| ATICELCA |
Associazione Tecnica Italiana per la Cellulosa e la Carta (The Technical Association of the Italian Pulp and Paper Industry) |
| ATIP |
Association Technique de l’Industrie Papetiére (French pulp and paper technical association) |
| ATIPCA |
Asociación de Tècnicos de la Industria Papelera y Celu (Argentine pulp and paper technical association) |
| atm |
atmosphere(s) |
| at. wt. |
atomic weight |
| avg. |
average; use abbreviation only in tables |
| AWG |
American Wire Gauge; spell out first time in text (except with numbers in tables) |
| B |
|
| BACT |
best available control technology; spell out first time |
| BAT |
best available technology; spell out first time |
| bbl |
barrel |
| B.C. |
before Christ, number first: 500 B.C. |
| BCMP |
bisulfate chemimechanical pulp |
| BCTMP |
bisulphate chemithermomechanical pulp |
| BHMT |
bis(hexamethylene)triamine resin |
| bhp |
brake horsepower |
| bhp·h |
brake horsepower Chour |
| bis |
roman |
| BLRBAC |
Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Advisory Committee |
| bmep |
brake mean effective pressure; spell out first time |
| BOD |
biochemical oxygen demand; always use abbrev. |
| BOPP |
biaxially oriented polypropylene |
| BPCT |
best practicable control technology; spell out first time |
| BPR |
boiling point rise |
| Btu |
British thermal unit(s) |
| BWG |
boiler wall gauge; spell out first time |
| C |
|
| C |
centigrade; close up (50°C) |
| C1S |
coated one side (middle character is the number one); spell out first time |
| C2S |
coated two sides; spell out first time |
| CA |
committee assignment |
| CAD |
computer-aided drafting |
| cal |
calorie |
| CBE |
Council of Biology Editors, spell out first time |
| cc |
do not use; use cm3 (cubic centimeters) for solid volumes and ml for fluid volumes |
| CCD |
charge-coupled device |
| CD |
cross direction; spell out first time |
| CDAS |
cationic dialdehyde starch |
| CED |
cupriethylenediamine |
| CEK |
caustic extraction kappa no. |
| CF |
chlorine factor= %Cl2/kappa no. |
| CFC |
chlorinated fluorocarbon (also chlorofluorocarbon) |
| CFM |
cubic feet per minute; use "ft?/min" always |
| CFS |
cubic feet per second; use "ft3/s" always |
| cg |
centigram |
| CGS |
centimeter-gram-second; use SI units |
| Ci |
curie |
| cis |
italics |
| cL |
centiliter |
| CLC |
cylindrical laboratory coater, made by Sensor and Simulation Products, a division of Weyerhaeuser Paper Co. |
| CLT |
Concora liner test |
| cm |
centimeter |
| CMP |
chemimechanical pulp |
| CMT |
Concora medium test |
| COD |
chemical oxygen demand; always use abbrev. |
| COPACEL |
Confèdèration Francaise de L’Industrie des Papiers, Cartons et Celluloses |
| cos |
cosine |
| cot |
cotangent |
| cP |
viscosity, centiPoise |
| CP |
chemically pure; spell out first time |
| CPPA |
Canadian Pulp and Paper Association (trade association) |
| CPPA/TS |
Technical Section of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Assoc. |
| CPET |
crystallized polyethylene; spell out first time; use carefully, PET is also polyethylene terephthalate |
| CPS |
cycles per second |
| CPVC |
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride; spell out first time |
| CRM |
chemirefiner mechanical pulping |
| CRT |
cathode ray tube |
| csc |
cosecant |
| CSF |
Canadian standard freeness; measured in ml; always use abbrev. |
| CSLM |
confocal scanning laser microscope |
| CSMA |
carrier sense multiple access |
| CTLF |
chemical treatment of long fibered pulp |
| CTMP |
chemithermomechanical pulp |
| D |
|
| D |
daltons (atomic mass unit) |
| d |
deci |
| d |
first derivative; italics |
| D- (and L- or DL-) |
prefixes for stereochemical isomers |
| d- (and e- orde-) |
prefixes for optically active compound; lower case, italics |
| da |
deka |
| daN |
deka-Newton; spell out first time |
| dBA |
weighted sound pressure level (ANSI SI. 4-1971) |
| DBH |
diameter at breast height |
| dc |
direct current (noun and adj.); use abbrev. |
| DCS |
distributed control system |
| DDC |
direct digital control |
| DOB |
diameter outside bark; spell out first time |
| DP |
degree of polymerization; spell out first time |
| DSCF |
dry standard cubic foot (feet); use "dry std. ft3" first time |
| DTPA |
diaminetriethylenepentaacetic acid |
| E |
|
| EA |
effective alkali; spell out |
| ECF |
elemental chlorine free |
| ECT |
edge crush test or edgewise compression testing |
| EDTA |
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; a chelating agent (chelant) |
| EEC |
European Economic Community |
| EF |
English finish; spell out first time |
| EJC |
Engineers Joint Council; spell out first time |
| ENPTM |
extended nip press, a registered trademark of Beloit Corp. |
| emf |
electromotive force |
| EOCl |
extractable organically bound chlorine |
| EPA |
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| epm |
equivalents per million; spell out first time |
| ESCA |
electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| ESP |
electrostatic precipitator |
| ESR |
electron spin resonance |
| EuCePa |
European Liason Committee for Pulp and Paper; an umbrella association for some 20 paper industry scientific societies in Europe |
| EVA |
ethylene vinyl acetate; spell out first time |
| EVOH |
ethylene vinyl alcohol; spell out first time |
| F |
|
| FBA |
Fibre Box Association |
| FBK |
fully bleached kraft |
| FBM |
footboard measure; spell out first time |
| FD |
forced draft |
| FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FEFCO |
Fèdèration Europèenne des Fabricants de Carton Ondule (European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers) |
| FKBG |
Fourdrinier Kraft Board Group |
| FRP |
fiberglass-reinforced polyester |
| FFT |
fast Fourier transform |
| FTIR |
Fourier transforrn infrared |
| G |
|
| GCC |
ground calcium carbonate |
| GEMS |
General Energy and Materials Balance System, a computer modeling program |
| GEP |
good engineering practice; do not use |
| GERS brightness |
use as is; do not confuse with GE (GE recording brightness) spectrophotometer |
| GeV |
gigaelectronvolt(s) |
| gf2d |
use gal/ft2/day |
| GHz |
gigahertz |
| GLC |
gas-liquid chromotography |
| GmbH |
Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung; always use abbrev., similar to "Inc." in U.S. |
| GSM |
do not use; use g/m2 |
| H |
|
| ha |
hectare; spell out first time |
| HDPE |
high-density polyethylene |
| HAP |
hazardous air pollutant |
| HAZ |
heat-affected zone |
| HAZMAT |
hazardous materials |
| HHV |
higher heating value |
| HIP |
high-impact polypropylene |
| HIPS |
high-impact polystyrene |
| HRSG |
heat recovery steam generator; spell out |
| HVAC |
heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning |
| HVLC |
high-volume, low concentration |
| I, J |
|
| ICP |
inductively coupled plasma |
| ID |
induced draft, or inside diameter |
| ihp |
indicated horsepower; spell out first time |
| INDA |
International Nonwovens and Disposables Assoc. (trade) |
| IPCEA |
Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association; spell out first time |
| IPPTA |
Indian Pulp and Paper Technical Association |
| IPS |
iron pipe size; spell out first time |
| IPST |
Institute of Paper Science and Technology (since 1989); formerly, Institute of Paper Chemistry (IPC) |
| ISA |
Instrument Society of America |
| ISO |
International Standards Organization; spell out first time |
| J |
joules; abbreviate in SI units |
| K, L |
|
| k |
kilo-, as a prefix, generally equals 1000 (kilobyte = 1024 bytes) |
| K number |
permanganate number, use P number |
| kbf |
thousand board feet; spell out first time |
| KCL |
The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (Oy Keskuslaboratorio-Centrallaboratori um AB) |
| kPa |
kilopascals |
| ksi |
kilopounds per square inch (used to avoid zeros when measurements are taken in thousands of pounds); spell out first time |
| kW |
kilowatt |
| kW·h |
kilowatt-hour |
| L |
liter |
| L- (and D- or DL-) |
prefixes for sterochemical isomers; small caps |
| l- (and d-or dl-) |
prefixes for optically active compounds; lower case italics |
| LAER |
lowest achievable emission rate; spell out first time |
| LDPE |
low-densisty polyethylene |
| LHV |
lower heating value |
| LLDPE |
linear low-density polyethylene |
| loc. cit. |
do not use |
| LSOC |
Local Sections Operations Council (spell out first time) |
| LVDT |
linear variable displacement transducer |
| LVHC |
low-volume, high concentration |
| LWC |
lightweight coated |
| M |
|
| m |
meter |
| m- |
meta; chemical prefix; italics |
| Mbf |
million board feet; spell out first time |
| MACT |
maximum achievable control technology |
| MAP |
Manufacturing Automation Protocol |
| MAPPS |
Modular Analysis of Pulp and Paper Systems |
| MBO |
management by objective |
| MCC |
modified continuous cooking; also, motor control center |
| MD |
machine direction; spell out first time |
| MDPE |
medium density polyethylene; spell out first time |
| MF |
machine finish; spell out first time |
| MFR |
melamine formaldehyde resin; spell out first time |
| MG |
machine-glazed; spell out first time |
| MKS |
meter-kilogram-second |
| mL |
milliliter |
| MLVSS |
mixed liquor volatile suspended solids; spell out first time |
| mmf |
magnetomotive force; spell out first time; small mm to avoid confusion with M = million |
| MOTAG |
Millyard Operations Technical Advancement Group (south) |
| MOTG |
Millyard Operator’s Group-(north) |
| MTBF |
mean time between failures |
| MUFR |
melamine urea formaldehyde resin; spell out first time |
| MVTR |
use WVTR |
| MWL |
milled wood lignin; spell out first time |
| N |
|
| n- |
normal; chemical prefix; italic |
| N |
newtons (force) |
| N |
normality; italic; close up with value (0.1N) |
| NAAQS |
national ambient air quality standards; spell out first time |
| NBSK |
northern bleached softwood kraft; a specific type of pulp |
| NCASI |
The National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement |
| NCG |
noncondensible gas(es) |
| NEMA |
National Electrical Manufacturers Association; spell out first time |
| NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
| NPDES |
national pollutants discharge elimination system |
| NPTA |
National Paper Trade Association |
| NSSC |
neutral sulfite semichemical; a pulping process; spell out first time |
| O |
|
| o- |
ortho; chemical prefix; italic |
| OCC |
old corrugated containers |
| o.d. |
ovendry (adj.) |
| OD |
outside diameter |
| ohm |
|
| ohm-l |
mho |
| OSHA |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| op. cit. |
do not use |
| OPP |
oriented polypropylene |
| OZEPA |
Austrian Association of Pulp and Paper Chemists and Engineers |
| P, Q |
|
| p- |
para; chemical prefix; italic |
| PAT |
performance attribute |
| PCC |
precipitated calcium carbonate |
| PE |
polyethylene |
| PEI |
polyethyleneimine; spell out first time |
| PET |
polyethylene terephthalate; spell out first time |
| PETG |
copolymer of cyclohexane dimethanol and ethylene terephthalate |
| PIMA |
Paper Industry Management Association |
| PIRA |
Research Association for the Paper & Board, Printing and Packaging Industries (UK) |
| PITA |
Paper Industry Technical Association (UK) |
| PLC |
programmable logic controller. Do not use for Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Division. |
| p.m. |
the time from noon to midnight |
| PP |
polypropylene |
| ppb |
parts per billion |
| PPC |
polyphthalate carbonate; spell out first time |
| ppm |
parts per million |
| PPMMA |
Pulp and Paper Machinery Manufacturers Assoc.; now the American Paper Machinery Association (APMA) |
| PPO |
polyphenylene oxide |
| PS |
polysulfone; spell out first time |
| PSD |
prevention of significant deterioration; spell out first time |
| psi |
pounds per square inch; recommended measurement is kilopascals (kPa) |
| PTFE |
polytetrafluoroethylene |
| PVDC |
polyvinylidene chloride |
| PVDF |
polyvinylidene fluoride |
| R |
|
| RCRA |
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
| RDH |
rapid displacement heating; spell out first time |
| Re |
Reynolds number, not subscripted |
| RF |
radio frequency; spell out first time |
| Rf |
chromatography value; italics |
| RI |
revolution indicator or refractive index; do not use |
| rkVA |
reactive kvars |
| RTD |
resistance temperature device |
| RTDM |
rough terrain dispersion model; spell out first time |
| S |
|
| s |
second |
| SARA |
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 |
| SBR |
styrene-butadiene rubber latex; spell out first time |
| SBK |
semibleached kraft |
| SCC |
stress corrosion cracking |
| SCM |
use "std. m3" first time |
| SDCM |
use "std. dry m3" first time |
| SPCI |
Swedish Pulp and Paper Engineers Society |
| SPHE |
Society of Packaging and Handling Engineers |
| SPY |
Finnish Paper Engineers Society |
| SR number |
Schopper-Riegler; °SR |
| SRS |
surface receptivity and smoothness tester; spell out first time |
| SS |
suspended solids |
| STAP |
Special Technical Association Publication (archaic) |
| STFI |
Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (Skogsindustrins Tekniska Forskningsinstitut) |
| STIG |
steam-injected gas turbine |
| SVP |
single vessel process; spell out first time |
| T |
|
| TAPPI |
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry; always capitalize |
| TCDD |
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
| TCDF |
tetrachlorodibenzofuran |
| TCF |
totally chlorine free |
| TDS |
total dissolved solids |
| TEA |
tensile energy absorption; spell out first time |
| THC |
total hydrocarbon |
| Tg |
glass transition temperature |
| TIC |
temperature indicator controller; spell out first time |
| TI Sheets |
Technical Information Sheets, now known as TIPs: Technical Information Papers; (spell out first time; initial caps) |
| TIPs |
Technical Information Papers; spell out on first reference |
| TLC |
thin layer chromatography |
| TL |
median toxicity level |
| TLV |
threshold limit value |
| TMP |
thermomechanical pulp |
| TOC |
total organic carbon or Technical Operations Council (spell out first time) |
| tpa |
tons per annum, tons per year |
| tpd |
tons per day; use tons/day |
| tpy |
tons per year; use tons/year |
| TSO |
tensile strength orientation; spell out first time |
| TSS |
total suspended solids |
| U, V, W |
|
| U |
activity unit |
| UBK |
unbleached softwood kraft; spell out first time |
| UFGL |
ultrafine ground limestone; spell out first time |
| USP |
U.S. Pharmacopoeia |
| VOC |
volatile organic compound |
| VSS |
volatile suspended solids |
| VTT |
Technical Research Center of Finland (Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus) |
| WBL |
weak black liquor |
| WF |
water finish; spell out first time |
| wg |
water gauge |
| WVP |
water vapor permeability; spell out first time |
| WVTR |
water vapor transmission rate; spell out first time |
| WRV |
water retention value; spell out first time |
| X, Y, Z |
|
| yr. |
year; spell out |
| ZELLCHEMING |
German Association of Pulp and Paper Chemists and Engineers |
Abbreviations & Acronyms