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Journal articles
Open Access
Crystallization and control of sodium salt scales in black liquor concentrators, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, June 2004, Vol. 3(6) (380KB)

Crystallization and control of sodium salt scales in black liquor concentrators, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, June 2004, Vol. 3(6) (380KB)

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023

ABSTRACT: Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is operated in a harsh reaction medium that contains hot pressurized water, inorganic acidic or basic catalyst, and inorganic/organic corrosive components released during the conversion. Candidate alloys for this application require suitable resistance to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to withstand the HTL process conditions (250°C•374°C and 4•22 MPa). Ferritic iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) steels are more prone to corrosion but less susceptible to SCC compared to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels. Chromizing can significantly reduce corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel (Fe-11Cr) in a simulated aqueous HTL solution. The objective of this study is to determine the SCC susceptibility of chromized Type 409 stainless steel, relative to the bare (non-chromized) case. The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique was used for this purpose. For simplicity of experimentation, SSRT was conducted using simulated HTL water containing 800 ppm potassium chloride (KCl), 1 M potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and 10 wt% acetic acid at ambient temperature and pressure. Complementary potentiodynamic polarization measurements and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS) were also made to help interpret the SSRT results. The SSRT results show no significant difference in SCC susceptibility, regardless of the starting surface. Thus, chromizing, while significantly reducing the corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel, does not adversely affect SCC susceptibility, at least under the conditions tested.

Journal articles
Open Access
Energy reduction at a kraft mill: examining the effects of process integration, benchmarking, and water reduction, TAPPI JOURNAL & Solutions! March 2005, Vol. 4(3)

Energy reduction at a kraft mill: examining the effects of process integration, benchmarking, and water reduction, TAPPI JOURNAL & Solutions! March 2005, Vol. 4(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
Experimental and statistical investigation of drying effects on coated offset paper quality, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, July 2004, Vol. 3(7) (494KB)

Experimental and statistical investigation of drying effects on coated offset paper quality, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, July 2004, Vol. 3(7) (494KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
Generation of streamwise vortices in a slice knife model: Can streaks be generated at the slice exit?, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, March 2004, Vol. 3(3) (655KB)

Generation of streamwise vortices in a slice knife model: Can streaks be generated at the slice exit?, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, March 2004, Vol. 3(3) (655KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
Evaluation of a capillaryâ??coriolis instrument for on-line viscosity and density measurements of kraft black liquor, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, March 2004, Vol. 3(3) (454KB)

Evaluation of a capillary–coriolis instrument for on-line viscosity and density measurements of kraft black liquor, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, March 2004, Vol. 3(3) (454KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
Cationic latex as a multifunctional wet-end additive in highly filled paper, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, January 2004, Vol. 3(1) (398KB)

Cationic latex as a multifunctional wet-end additive in highly filled paper, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, January 2004, Vol. 3(1) (398KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
The dn 30 hybrid poplarâ??a fiber source for high strength hardwood pulps , Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, February 2004, Vol. 3(2) (250KB)

The dn 30 hybrid poplar—a fiber source for high strength hardwood pulps , Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, February 2004, Vol. 3(2) (250KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
Determination of kappa number reduction in pulp and COD in bleach plant effluents using multiwavelength spectrometry and multivariate calibration, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, January 2003 (743KB)

Determination of kappa number reduction in pulp and COD in bleach plant effluents using multiwavelength spectrometry and multivariate calibration, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, January 2003 (743KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
Influence of cooking variables in the organosolv pulping of wheat straw using mixtures of ethanol, acetone, and water, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, January 2003 (653KB)

Influence of cooking variables in the organosolv pulping of wheat straw using mixtures of ethanol, acetone, and water, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, January 2003 (653KB)

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