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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023

ABSTRACT: Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is operated in a harsh reaction medium that contains hot pressurized water, inorganic acidic or basic catalyst, and inorganic/organic corrosive components released during the conversion. Candidate alloys for this application require suitable resistance to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to withstand the HTL process conditions (250°C•374°C and 4•22 MPa). Ferritic iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) steels are more prone to corrosion but less susceptible to SCC compared to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels. Chromizing can significantly reduce corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel (Fe-11Cr) in a simulated aqueous HTL solution. The objective of this study is to determine the SCC susceptibility of chromized Type 409 stainless steel, relative to the bare (non-chromized) case. The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique was used for this purpose. For simplicity of experimentation, SSRT was conducted using simulated HTL water containing 800 ppm potassium chloride (KCl), 1 M potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and 10 wt% acetic acid at ambient temperature and pressure. Complementary potentiodynamic polarization measurements and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS) were also made to help interpret the SSRT results. The SSRT results show no significant difference in SCC susceptibility, regardless of the starting surface. Thus, chromizing, while significantly reducing the corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel, does not adversely affect SCC susceptibility, at least under the conditions tested.

Journal articles
Open Access
An elliptical pore model for the mechanical properties of pa

An elliptical pore model for the mechanical properties of paper, TAPPI JOURNAL August 2015

Journal articles
Open Access
Fast evaluation of spatial coating layer formation using ultraviolet scanner imaging

Fast evaluation of spatial coating layer formation using ultraviolet scanner imaging

Journal articles
Open Access
Some observations towards improved predictive models for box compression strength, TAPPI JOURNAL August 2015

Some observations towards improved predictive models for box compression strength, TAPPI JOURNAL August 2015

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Corrosion damage and in-service inspection of retractable sootblower lances in recovery boilers, TAPPI Journal October 2021

ABSTRACT: Several reports of accidents involving serious mechanical failures of sootblower lances in chemical recovery boilers are known in the pulp and paper industry. These accidents mainly consisted of detachment and ejection of the lance tip, or even of the entire lance, to the inside of the furnace, towards the opposite wall. At least one of these cases known to the author resulted in a smelt-water explosion in the boiler.In other events, appreciable damage or near-miss conditions have already been experienced. The risk of catastrophic consequences of the eventual detachment of the lance tip or the complete lance of a recovery boiler soot-blower has caught the attention of manufacturers, who have adjusted their quality procedures, but this risk also needs to be carefully considered by the technical staff at pulp mills and in industry committees.This paper briefly describes the failure mechanisms that prevailed in past accidents, while recommending inspection and quality control policies to be applied in order to prevent further occurrences of these dangerous and costly component failures. Digital radiography, in conjunction with other well known inspection techniques, appears to be an effective means to ensure the integrity of sootblower lances in chemical recovery boilers used in the pulp and paper industry.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Editorial: Collaboration: A necessary recipe for technological growth, TAPPI Journal September 2021

ABSTRACT: Ongoing crisis situations, such as COVID-19 and the oil spill on the Orange County beaches in California, clearly highlight the need for various forms of collaboration, be it technical or trade. Technological growth in any sector these days depends on knowhow from multiple fields.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Displacement washing of softwood pulp cooked to various levels of residual lignin content, TAPPI Journal September 2021

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the influence of the degree of delignification of kraft spruce pulp cooked at seven different kappa numbers, ranging from 18.1 to 50.1, on the efficiency of displacement washing under laboratory conditions. Although the pulp bed is a polydispersive and heterogeneous system, the correlation dependence of the wash yield and bed efficiency on the Péclet number and the kappa number of the pulp showed that washing efficiency increased not only with an increasing Péclet number, but also with an increasing kappa number. The linear dependence between the mean residence time of the solute lignin in the bed and the space time, which reflects the residence time of the wash liquid in the pulp bed, was found for all levels of the kappa number. Washing also reduced the kappa number and the residual lignin content in the pulp fibers.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Effects of phosphogypsum whiskers modification with calcium stearate and their impacts on properties of bleached softwood paper sheets, TAPPI Journal September 2021

ABSTRACT: By combining the structural properties and characteristics of phosphogypsum whiskers, a preliminary study on the modification of phosphogypsum whiskers and their application in papermaking was carried out. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and reaction concentration on the solubility and retention of modified phosphogypsum whiskers and the effects of phosphogypsum whiskers on the physical properties of paper under different modified conditions were explored. The research results show that, after the phosphogypsum whiskers are modified with calcium stearate, a coating layer will be formed on the surface of the whiskers, which effectively reduces the solubility of the phosphogypsum whiskers. The best modification conditions are: the amount of calcium stearate relative to the absolute dry mass of the phosphogypsum whisker is 2.00%; the modification time is 30 min, and the modification temperature is 60°C. The use of modified phosphogypsum whiskers for paper filling will slightly reduce the whiteness, folding resistance, burst resistance, and tensile strength of the paper, but the tearing degree and retention of the filler will be increased to some extent.

Journal articles
Open Access
Preparing Corrugating Adhesive with Untreated Flexo Wash Wat

Preparing Corrugating Adhesive with Untreated Flexo Wash Water in an Automated, High Shear Mixer, 1990 Corrugated Containers Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Investigation of the Relationship Between Board Cure Time an

Investigation of the Relationship Between Board Cure Time and Top-To-Bottom Compression Performance, 1994 Corrugated Containers Conference Proceedings

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