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Prediction of Crystal Species Transition in Aqueous Solutions of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 and Kraft Black Liquor, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference

Prediction of Crystal Species Transition in Aqueous Solutions of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 and Kraft Black Liquor, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference

How to meet ESG and profitability goals with applied technology solutions to address emissions reductions, water conservation and energy efficiency, TAPPICon22

In-Plant Solutions for Decreasing Effluent Conductivity in Bleached Kraft Pulp Mills: Managing Excess CLO2 Generator Saltcake, 2003 Environmental Conference Proceedings

In-Plant Solutions for Decreasing Effluent Conductivity in Bleached Kraft Pulp Mills: Managing Excess CLO₂ Generator Saltcake, 2003 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Use of Computerized Bathmetry to Accurately Determine ASB Treatment and Sludge Deposit Volumes at Three Boise Paper Solutions Mills, 2003 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Use of Computerized Bathmetry to Accurately Determine ASB Treatment and Sludge Deposit Volumes at Three Boise Paper Solutions Mills, 2003 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Nordic Paper Chooses Digital Solution from AFRY

An Effective Solution for Dryer Section Deposition

Dryer Section Passivation (DSP) technology effectively prevents deposition on dryer cans, fabrics, fabric rolls, and calendar rolls, thereby solving problems such as sheet breaks, limited machine speed, cleaning frequency, and increased steam consumption.

Papersnap®: A Sustainable Single Dose Packaging Solution

SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023

ABSTRACT: Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is operated in a harsh reaction medium that contains hot pressurized water, inorganic acidic or basic catalyst, and inorganic/organic corrosive components released during the conversion. Candidate alloys for this application require suitable resistance to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to withstand the HTL process conditions (250°C•374°C and 4•22 MPa). Ferritic iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) steels are more prone to corrosion but less susceptible to SCC compared to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels. Chromizing can significantly reduce corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel (Fe-11Cr) in a simulated aqueous HTL solution. The objective of this study is to determine the SCC susceptibility of chromized Type 409 stainless steel, relative to the bare (non-chromized) case. The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique was used for this purpose. For simplicity of experimentation, SSRT was conducted using simulated HTL water containing 800 ppm potassium chloride (KCl), 1 M potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and 10 wt% acetic acid at ambient temperature and pressure. Complementary potentiodynamic polarization measurements and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS) were also made to help interpret the SSRT results. The SSRT results show no significant difference in SCC susceptibility, regardless of the starting surface. Thus, chromizing, while significantly reducing the corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel, does not adversely affect SCC susceptibility, at least under the conditions tested.

SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023

SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023

ABSTRACT: Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is operated in a harsh reaction medium that contains hot pressurized water, inorganic acidic or basic catalyst, and inorganic/organic corrosive components released during the conversion. Candidate alloys for this application require suitable resistance to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to withstand the HTL process conditions (250°C•374°C and 4•22 MPa). Ferritic iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) steels are more prone to corrosion but less susceptible to SCC compared to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels. Chromizing can significantly reduce corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel (Fe-11Cr) in a simulated aqueous HTL solution. The objective of this study is to determine the SCC susceptibility of chromized Type 409 stainless steel, relative to the bare (non-chromized) case. The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique was used for this purpose. For simplicity of experimentation, SSRT was conducted using simulated HTL water containing 800 ppm potassium chloride (KCl), 1 M potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and 10 wt% acetic acid at ambient temperature and pressure. Complementary potentiodynamic polarization measurements and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS) were also made to help interpret the SSRT results. The SSRT results show no significant difference in SCC susceptibility, regardless of the starting surface. Thus, chromizing, while significantly reducing the corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel, does not adversely affect SCC susceptibility, at least under the conditions tested.