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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Development of converging-diverging multi-jet nozzles for molten smelt shattering in kraft recovery boilers, TAPPI Journal March 2021

ABSTRACT: The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption. This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a short distance between the nozzle exit and impingement position. Increasing the number of orifices generates a wider jet coverage, and the distance between the orifices should be limited to avoid the formation of a low-pressure region between the orifices. The study also demonstrates that an optimized converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle significantly outperformed a conventional shatter jet nozzle by achieving higher energy and wider coverage while consuming less steam.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Black liquor evaporator upgrades— life cycle cost analysis, TAPPI Journal March 2021

ABSTRACT: Black liquor evaporation is generally the most energy intensive unit operation in a pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The black liquor evaporators can represent a third or more of the total mill steam usage, followed by the paper machine and digester. Evaporator steam economy is defined as the unit mass of steam required to evaporate a unit mass of water from black liquor (i.e., lb/lb or kg/kg.) The economy is determined by the number of effects in an evaporator train and the system configuration. Older systems use four to six effects, most of which are the long tube vertical rising film type. Newer systems may be designed with seven or even eight effects using falling film and forced circulation crystallization technology for high product solids. The median age of all North American evaporator systems is 44 years. Roughly 25% of the current North American operating systems are 54 years or older. Older systems require more periodic maintenance and have a higher risk of unplanned downtime. Also, older systems have chronic issues with persistent liquor and vapor leaks, shell wall thinning, corrosion, and plugged tubes. Often these issues worsen to the point of requiring rebuild or replacement. When considering the age, technology, and lower efficiency of older systems, a major rebuild or new system may be warranted. The intent of this paper is to review the current state of black liquor evaporator systems in North America and present a basic method for determining whether a major rebuild or new installation is warrant-ed using total life cycle cost analysis (LCCA).

Journal articles
Magazine articles
TAPPI Journal Summaries, Paper360º May/June 2021

TAPPI Journal Summaries, Paper360º May/June 2021

Journal articles
Open Access
Deinking laser-print paper using ultrasound, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Deinking laser-print paper using ultrasound, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
Activated sludge treatment of tmp mill effluents part 1: effluent characterization and treatability study, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Activated sludge treatment of tmp mill effluents part 1: effluent characterization and treatability study, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Activated sludge treatment of tmp mill effluents part 2: biokinetic parameters and effluent treatment strategies, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Activated sludge treatment of tmp mill effluents part 2: biokinetic parameters and effluent treatment strategies, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Accurate determination of six common fillers in fine papers, newsprint, and recycled stock by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1995, Vol. 78(4)

Accurate determination of six common fillers in fine papers, newsprint, and recycled stock by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1995, Vol. 78(4)

Journal articles
Open Access
X-ray diffraction for quantifying calcium carbonate fillers in printing and writing papers, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1995, Vol. 78(4)

X-ray diffraction for quantifying calcium carbonate fillers in printing and writing papers, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1995, Vol. 78(4)

Journal articles
Open Access
Cluster Rule: Impact on recovery of pulping and bleaching changes to meet the EPA Cluster Rule, December 1995 Tappi Journal [95Dec29.pdf]

Impact on recovery of pulping and bleaching changes to meet the epa cluster rule, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1995, Vol. 78(12)

Journal articles
Open Access
Power Plant Optimization: Real-time, model-based power plant optimizer significantly reduces energy costs, December 1995 Tappi Journal [95Dec61.pdf]

Real-time, model-based power plant optimizer significantly reduces energy costs, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1995, Vol. 78(12)

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