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Incorporation of post-consumer pizza boxes in the recovered fiber stream: Impacts of grease on finished product quality, TAPPI Journal March 2021
ABSTRACT: Grease and cheese contamination of used pizza boxes has led to misunderstanding and controversy about the recyclability of pizza boxes. Some collection facilities accept pizza boxes while others do not. The purpose of this study is to determine whether typical grease or cheese contamination levels associated with pizza boxes impact finished product quality. Grease (from vegetable oil) and cheese are essentially hydrophobic and in sufficiently high concentration could interfere with interfiber bonding, resulting in paper strength loss.Findings from this study will be used to determine the viability of recycling pizza boxes at current and future con-centrations in old corrugated containers (OCC) recovered fiber streams. These findings will also be used to inform the acceptability of pizza boxes in the recycle stream and educate consumers about acceptable levels of grease or cheese residue found on these recycled boxes.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Extension of a steady-state chlorine dioxide brightening model for Z-ECF bleaching of softwood kraft pulps, TAPPI Journal March 2021
ABSTRACT: Earlier studies developed a steady-state model to predict the brightness and/or bleach consumption during the chlorine dioxide brightening (D1) of softwood pulps produced by conventional elemental-chlorine-free (ECF) sequences. This model relates the chlorine dioxide consumed to the brightness gains predicated upon an asymptotic D1 brightness limit, an incoming D1 pulp brightness, and an equation parameter (ß11). The current investigation examines the application of this model to ECF sequences that use ozone delignification (Z-ECF). Literature D1 data from various Z-ECF bleaching studies, which investigated OZ, OD0/Z, and OZ/D0 delignification, were fitted to the model. The ß11 parameter was found to be linearly correlated to the entering kappa number. Interestingly, this linear relationship was found to be identical to the relationships observed when modeling the D1 stage for conventional ECF and chlorine-based bleach sequences. Subtle differences in D1 brightening response in the model among the various bleach sequences are reflected by incoming pulp brightness (at the same kappa number). The current model is used to illustrate how alterations to Z-ECF delignification affect D1 brightening and chlorine dioxide consumption.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Development of converging-diverging multi-jet nozzles for molten smelt shattering in kraft recovery boilers, TAPPI Journal March 2021
ABSTRACT: The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption. This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a short distance between the nozzle exit and impingement position. Increasing the number of orifices generates a wider jet coverage, and the distance between the orifices should be limited to avoid the formation of a low-pressure region between the orifices. The study also demonstrates that an optimized converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle significantly outperformed a conventional shatter jet nozzle by achieving higher energy and wider coverage while consuming less steam.
Quantitative P NMR Detection of Radical Species in Peroxide Bleaching, 2002 International Pulp Bleaching Conference Proceedings
Quantitative P NMR Detection of Radical Species in Peroxide Bleaching, 2002 International Pulp Bleaching Conference Proceedings
State-Of-The-Art Overlay and Decorative Paper Treaters, 1998 Plastic Laminates Symposium Proceedings
State-Of-The-Art Overlay and Decorative Paper Treaters, 1998 Plastic Laminates Symposium Proceedings
Recirculation of Bleach Plant Waste Liquors, 1993 Environmental Conference Proceedings
Recirculation of Bleach Plant Waste Liquors, 1993 Environmental Conference Proceedings
Clean Technology Papermaking with Less Water and Energy, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings
Clean Technology Papermaking with Less Water and Energy, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings
Handling Alkali and Sulfur Balances in Closed-Cycle Bleached Kraft Pulp Mills -Options, Technology and Costs, 1996 Minimum Effluent Mills Symposium Proceedings
Handling Alkali and Sulfur Balances in Closed-Cycle Bleached Kraft Pulp Mills -Options, Technology and Costs, 1996 Minimum Effluent Mills Symposium Proceedings
New Trends in CD Weight Control For Multi-Ply Applications, 1998 Multi-Ply Forming Forum Proceedings
New Trends in CD Weight Control For Multi-Ply Applications, 1998 Multi-Ply Forming Forum Proceedings
Critical Review of the Use of Fireside Additives for Deposit Control in Kraft Recovery Boilers, 1997 Engineering Conference Proceedings
Critical Review of the Use of Fireside Additives for Deposit Control in Kraft Recovery Boilers, 1997 Engineering Conference Proceedings