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Citrus-based hydrocolloids: A water retention aid and rheology modifier for paper coatings, TAPPI Journal July 2019
ABSTRACT: The rheological and dewatering behavior of an aqueous pigmented coating system not only affects the machine runnability but also affects the product quality. The current study describes the use of natural hydrocol-loids derived from citrus peel fibers as a rheology modifier in paper coating applications. The results were compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a typical paper coating system. Water retention of the coating formulation was increased by 56% with citrus peel fibers compared to a default coating, and it also was higher than a CMC-containing coating. The Brookfield viscosity of paper coatings was found to increase with citrus peel fibers. Compared to CMC, different citrus peel fibers containing coating recipes were able to achieve similar or higher water retention values, with no change or a slight increase in viscosity. Coatings were applied on linerboard using the Mayer rod-coating method, and all basic properties of paper were measured to assess the impact of citrus peel fiber on the functional value of the coatings. Paper properties were improved with coated paper containing citrus peel fibers, including brightness, porosity, smoothness, surface bonding strength, and ink absorption.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
The evolution of reel statistical methods, TAPPI Journal June 2019
ABSTRACT: Multiple statistical methods for calculating the variance partition analysis (VPA) of reel data have existed for decades. In the paper industry, VPA is also commonly known as reel statistics. VPA commonly consists of total variance (TOT) that is then divided into three components: cross direction (CD), machine direction (MD), and residual (RES). A common mathematical procedure is referred to as ANOVA (analysis of variance). TAPPI Standard Test Method T 545 “Cross-machine grammage profile measurement (gravimetric method)” addresses paper testing and includes the ANOVA equations that have also been used to analyze scanning data.In the 1990s, TAPPI published TIP 1101-01 “Calculation and partitioning of variance using paper machine scanning sensor measurements,” which contained simple formulas that were easy to implement and could be used by a nov-ice to generate statistics on a spreadsheet. All involved quality control system (QCS) suppliers agreed to support this common method in their QCS. TIP 1101 was recently revised, and this paper concerns the analysis of data collected from a scanning sensor in a QCS and the creation of a common method for the calculation of reel statistics by TAPPI’s Process Control Division.
Journal articles
Research on an energy model for X-ray measurement of paper ash content using COMSOL, TAPPI Journal May 2025
ABSTRACT: Ash content is one of the critical quality parameters in papermaking production. Traditional 55Fe radioactive sources used for online ash content measurement have a short lifespan and high costs, while offline methods such as the combustion method or chemical analysis are time-consuming. Using an X-ray tube as the radiation source, continuous X-ray measurement offers advantages such as being rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective. In this study, COMSOL software was employed to simulate the measurement process and establish an energy attenuation model for X-ray measurement of paper ash content. The model simulates the energy attenuation of X-rays before and after transmission through four materials: calcium carbonate (CaCO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), wood-based plant fibers, and paper samples filled with CaCO3. The absorption coefficients of paper samples with varying ash content were investigated using the model and compared with experimental results obtained from continuous X-ray measurements. The results indicate that the proposed energy simulation model can reduce the measurement error of paper ash content by 1%, significantly enhancing the reliability and accuracy of ash content measurement.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Tetraethyl orthosilicate-containing dispersion coating — water vapor and liquid water barrier properties, TAPPI Journal September 2021
ABSTRACT: An aqueous styrene-butadiene latex dispersion coating containing in-situ processed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) applied on paperboard demonstrated improved water barrier performance. Coatings containing TEOS equivalent to 0.8% silicon dioxide (SiO2; dry basis) exhibited water vapor performance of < 25 g/m2/day (23°C, 50% relative humidity [RH]) and liquid water barrier performance Cobb 1800 s of < 6 g/m2, when applied as a single-layer 18 g/m2 coating. Cobb 1800 s barrier performance was still good (< 11 g/m2) at coat weights of 7•10 g/m2. The use of filler materials such as kaolin improved the vapor barrier properties of the coating, but this was not critical to the liquid water barrier properties.
Journal articles
Estimating dose and interaction of X-rays with cellulose-based fibrous materials using micro-computed tomography, TAPPI Journal March 2026
ABSTRACT: Micro-computed tomography (ìCT) has a reputation as a nondestructive analysis method. Unfortunately, this leads to the common misconception that radiation damage of the sample does not play a role. With the increased use of ìCT in laboratory-based machines, more and more cellulose-based materials are studied. In this paper, we show with three examples that radiation damage is important in dry and wet paper and in viscose fibers. In an attempt to quantify radiation damage, we came up with a workflow that enables researchers to predict the X-ray dose within a laboratory-based ìCT machine. This gives researchers the possibility to quantitatively judge the influence of radiation damage on each measured sample. While one cannot extend the measured doses from one machine to another, one can still apply the work flow presented in this study to any ìCT setup. In this way, it is possible to minimize radiation damage by choosing the best parameters in a ìCT for obtaining perfect data with no or little radiation damage.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Orifice geometry as a tool for evaluating extensional flow resistance of barrier coating colors, TAPPI Journal November 2024
ABSTRACT: Knowledge of extensional flow behavior of coating colors can be beneficial for improving runnability and eliminating defects in various coating processes. The current work evaluates the use of an orifice geometry attached to a commercial capillary viscometer as a tool to obtain extensional flow properties of barrier coating dispersions. By measuring the pressure drop across the orifice as a function of flow velocity, the method presents the flow resistance as Euler number at industrially relevant high deformation rates. The results agree with the earlier results obtained with a capillary entrance pressure loss technique. The type of polymer additive is shown to control the extensional flow resistance, with high molecular weight linear flexible polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) having highest impact. The orifice method offers advantages over other approaches, including the need for only a small sample amount, ease of measurement, and access to high deformation rates.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Dynamic compression characteristics of fiber-reinforced shoe press belts, TAPPI Journal April 2025
ABSTRACT: Shoe press belts contribute significantly to the overall dewatering performance in the press section of a paper machine. Within the shoe press nip, the press belt faces a dynamic and multidimensional load that mainly leads to a compression of the structure. As this will cause a loss in void volume, knowledge of the dynamic compression characteristics of shoe press belts is crucial for optimized dewatering. A novel method was developed to examine the dynamic compression characteristics of grooved polyurethane press belts. Therefore, an experimental setup allowing realistic boundary conditions to test specimens was placed in a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Press belt specimens with different matrix material formulations and groove patterns were tested under varying load rates equivalent to different paper machine operational speeds. The results showed an evident sensitivity of the dynamic compression stiffness to the operational speed of the paper machine. This behavior was seen to be more sensitive to changes in the matrix material formulation than to adaptions of the groove pattern. As a result, the compression of the press belt within a shoe press nip is not only influenced by the peak pressure within the shoe press nip but also depends on the operational speed of the paper machine.
Journal articles
Formability and load-bearing capacity of multilayered paperboard in three-dimensional forming, TAPPI Journal August 2025
ABSTRACT: The forming of paper-based products presents significant challenges, including maintaining geometric integrity, managing springback, and overcoming instability limits. These arise from the material properties of paper, with its high anisotropy, inhomogeneity, and limited strain. Multilayered paperboard, formed without adhesives, offers a promising solution. By customizing layer composition and orientation, this approach leverages mutual fiber support to enhance forming properties. Experimental and numerical analyses reveal that adhesive-free bonding during deep drawing enhances the material’s formability and load-bearing capacity and reduces anisotropic springback. These innovations enable superior product protection compared to conventional industrial single-layered paperboard of similar thickness. This study demonstrates the advantages of tailored layer configurations for improved geometric precision and stability, providing a pathway for sustainable, high-performance packaging solutions.
Journal articles
Editorial: The emergence of AI in additives development, TAPPI Journal March 2025
ABSTRACT: The continuing evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and its penetration into the core of the world of papermaking were undeniable at TAPPICon 2024 and especially within the content presented and sponsored by TAPPI’s Papermaking Additives Committee. On one side of the spectrum, there were traditional methods of chemical development and application grounded in natural intelligence, while on the other, there was the emerging presence of algorithmic decision-making and machine learning within the development cycle. The latter technology is brimming with the kind of promise that could reshape how additives are conceived, developed, and applied, turning what was once a matter of trial and error into something far more precise and previously out of reach.
Journal articles
Using multi-method analysis to identify challenging paper machine deposits and defects, TAPPI Journal March 2025
ABSTRACT: Based on its speed and versatility, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is the industry’s common starting point for analysis of a paper machine deposit or defect sample. However, certain contaminants and papermaking process additives cannot be precisely identified solely by infrared spectral interpretation. This lack of specificity could lead to a misinterpretation of the composition of the deposit or defect. A multi-method analysis uses data from two or more analytical techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, microbiological staining/phase contrast microscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyro-GC/MS), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), to produce a more specific assessment of a sample’s composition. This paper discusses the use of a multi-method analysis in deposit and defect analysis and presents several case studies that demonstrate how this comprehensive approach can often produce an interpretation result of greater conviction and value to the papermaker.