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Impact and feasibility of a membrane pre-concentration step in kraft recovery, TAPPI Journal May 2021
ABSTRACT: Emerging robust membrane systems can perform the first section of black liquor (BL) concentration by separating clean water from the black liquor stream using only mechanical pressure. By doing so, they can reduce the steam and energy required for BL concentration. Because of the high osmotic pressure of strong BL, a membrane system would not replace evaporators but would operate in series, performing the first section of BL concentration. In this work, we use a multi-effect evaporator (MEE) model to quantify the steam and energy savings associated with installing membrane systems of different sizes. When maintaining a constant BL solids throughput, we find that a pulp mill could reduce steam usage in its evaporators by up to 65%. Alternatively, a membrane system could also serve to increase BL throughput of the recovery train. We find that a membrane system capable of concentrating BL to 25% could double the BL solids throughput of a mill’s evaporators at the same steam usage. We also demonstrate that installing a membrane system before an MEE would minimally affect key operating parameters such as steam pressures and BL solids concentrations in each effect. This indicates that installing a membrane pre-concentration system would be nonintrusive to a mill’s operations.
Metered Size Press Coating with High Solids Content Formulations at High Machine Speeds, 2002 Metered Size Press Forum
Metered Size Press Coating with High Solids Content Formulations at High Machine Speeds, 2002 Metered Size Press Forum
Use of Computer Modeling for Closed-Cycle Assessment and Design, 1996 International Pulp Bleaching Conference Proceedings
Use of Computer Modeling for Closed-Cycle Assessment and Design, 1996 International Pulp Bleaching Conference Proceedings
New Clathrate Hydrates for Second Generation Freeze Concentration Applicaiton in Paper Industry, 1997 Papermakers Conference Proceedings
New Clathrate Hydrates for Second Generation Freeze Concentration Applicaiton in Paper Industry, 1997 Papermakers Conference Proceedings
Third Generation Reeling, 1999 Papermakers Conference Proceedings
Third Generation Reeling, 1999 Papermakers Conference Proceedings
Effect of Press Draw and Basis Weight on Woodfree Paper Properties During High Solids Surface Sizing, 2003 Spring Technical Conference Proceedings
Effect of Press Draw and Basis Weight on Woodfree Paper Properties During High Solids Surface Sizing, 2003 Spring Technical Conference Proceedings
Mechanism and Kinetics Studies of Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins, 2000 Pulping / Process & Product Quality Conference Proceedings
Mechanism and Kinetics Studies of Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins, 2000 Pulping / Process & Product Quality Conference Proceedings
Fresh Water Usage Reduction Through Concentration of Pulp Mill Effluent Using Gas Hydrate, 1997 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Fresh Water Usage Reduction Through Concentration of Pulp Mill Effluent Using Gas Hydrate, 1997 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Stickies - A Challenge for Process Technology, 1997 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Stickies - A Challenge for Process Technology, 1997 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Understanding and Dealing with the 'Summer Effect', 1999 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Understanding and Dealing with the 'Summer Effect', 1999 Pulping Conference Proceedings