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Journal articles
Estimating dose and interaction of X-rays with cellulose-based fibrous materials using micro-computed tomography, TAPPI Journal March 2026
ABSTRACT: Micro-computed tomography (ìCT) has a reputation as a nondestructive analysis method. Unfortunately, this leads to the common misconception that radiation damage of the sample does not play a role. With the increased use of ìCT in laboratory-based machines, more and more cellulose-based materials are studied. In this paper, we show with three examples that radiation damage is important in dry and wet paper and in viscose fibers. In an attempt to quantify radiation damage, we came up with a workflow that enables researchers to predict the X-ray dose within a laboratory-based ìCT machine. This gives researchers the possibility to quantitatively judge the influence of radiation damage on each measured sample. While one cannot extend the measured doses from one machine to another, one can still apply the work flow presented in this study to any ìCT setup. In this way, it is possible to minimize radiation damage by choosing the best parameters in a ìCT for obtaining perfect data with no or little radiation damage.
Journal articles
Point load measurements on paperboard packages and bulging, TAPPI Journal March 2026
ABSTRACT: Paperboard packaging is made by processing board materials into sheets or rolls and shaping them through creasing, cutting, folding, and erecting. The conversion process generates residual moments at the folds that cause panel bulging. This study experimentally investigates how the bulging introduced during the converting processes influence the mechanical response of paperboard packages during point load testing within the elastic deformation range. The study shows that panel bulging may significantly affect packaging performance as-perceived strength and stiffness. Bulging, influenced by the board’s basis weight, can affect the package performance even more than packaging stiffness. Point load tests in the elastic region were performed on empty packages (78 mm × 50 mm × 110 mm) with force applied at specific points along their long sides. The packages evaluated in this study were made of two identically processed materials of different grammages. The heavier material showed more pronounced bulging than the lighter one, leading to overlapping force-displacement curves for the packages, and to that, a lower force and stiffness may be measured at a certain indentation depth for the package of heavier material. This complicates material choice according to functional requirements. The results show that a highly bulged package might resemble one with less bulging of another material. According to the results, it is not certain that a higher grammage package shows a higher indentation force and stiffness than a lower grammage package when measured at a certain indentation. This indicates that optimizing the creasing and folding processes can be a way to enhance performance rather than simply increasing board weight. The study underscores the importance of controlling converting parameters, especially creasing and folding behavior. Well-performed creasing and folding gives a low residual momentum, little bulging, and a high stiffness and compression strength at point loading in the elastic region. Proper optimization can improve packaging performance and manual handling user-friendliness.
Journal articles
Machine Vision Applications Using Binary and Grayscale Morph
Machine Vision Applications Using Binary and Grayscale Morphology, 1994 Engineering Conference Proceedings
Journal articles
Treatment of edta-containing pulp and paper mill wastewaters in activated sludge plants, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1999, Vol. 82(2)
Treatment of edta-containing pulp and paper mill wastewaters in activated sludge plants, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1999, Vol. 82(2)
Journal articles
Working in eastern europe: an engineer's experience paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1999, Vol. 82(2)
Working in eastern europe: an engineer's experience paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1999, Vol. 82(2)
Journal articles
Shop talk: dryer grinding in mills producing packaging and graphics paper, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1999, Vol. 82(2)
Shop talk: dryer grinding in mills producing packaging and graphics paper, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1999, Vol. 82(2)
Journal articles
Effect of Fiber Length and Coarseness on the Burst Strength of Paper, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Effect of Fiber Length and Coarseness on the Burst Strength of Paper, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Journal articles
Wet End Optimization for a Neutral PCC Filled Newsprint Machine, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Wet End Optimization for a Neutral PCC Filled Newsprint Machine, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Journal articles
Use of Mercury Porosimetry to Characterize Pore Structure and Model End-use Properties of Coated Papers - Part 1: Optical and Strength Properties, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Use of Mercury Porosimetry to Characterize Pore Structure and Model End-use Properties of Coated Papers - Part 1: Optical and Strength Properties, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Journal articles
Single-Site Catalyst Produced Polyolefin Plastomers for Extrusion Coating and Laminating, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)
Single-Site Catalyst Produced Polyolefin Plastomers for Extrusion Coating and Laminating, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1999, Vol. 83(5)