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FIXED EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL INTEGRITY, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

Reliable and Fast Method to Estimate Carryover in Kraft Recovery Boilers, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

The Future State of Packaging Papers for the Circular Economy, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

Possibilities to Extend Uninterrupted Operation Periods of Kraft Recovery Boilers, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

Some Preliminary Results on Oxygen Addition to D-Stage Bleaching (D/O), 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

Containerboard Mill Net-Zero Water Use, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

Development Of An Online Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analyzer For The Determination Of Kraft Black Liquor Properties, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

Improved Deinking Flotation of Water-Based Ink, 2022PEERS/IBBC Conference (22PEE/22IBB)

An Analytical Approach to Assess the Interrelation of Surface Properties and Softness of Tissue Paper, TAPPICon22

Black liquor evaporators upgrade — How many effects?, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: Black liquor evaporation is generally the most energy intensive unit operation in a pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The black liquor evaporators can represent a third or more of the total mill steam usage, followed by the paper machine and digester. When considering an evaporator rebuild or a new system, the key design question is how many effects to include in the system. The number of effects is the main design feature that deter-mines the economy of the system and the steam usage for a given evaporation capacity. A higher number of effects increases steam economy and reduces energy cost to a point, but additional effects also have higher initial capital cost and increased power costs. This research paper uses life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) as a method to determine the optimum number of evaporator effects for a new evaporator system. The same basic principles and method can also apply to existing evaporator rebuild projects.