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Open Access
Fate of phosphorus in the recovery cycle of the kraft pulping process, TAPPI Journal March 2020

ABSTRACT: The accumulation of nonprocess elements in the recovery cycle is a common problem for kraft pulp mills trying to reduce their water closure or to utilize biofuels in their lime kiln. Nonprocess elements such as magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and phosphorus (P) enter the recovery cycle via wood, make-up chemicals, lime rock, biofuels, and process water. The main purge point for these elements is green liquor dregs and lime mud. If not purged, these elements can cause operational problems for the mill. Phosphorus reacts with calcium oxide (CaO) in the lime during slaking; as a result, part of the lime is unavailable for slaking reactions. The first part of this project, through laboratory work, identified rhenanite (NaCa(PO4)) as the form of P in the lime cycle and showed the negative effect of P on the availability of the lime. The second part of this project involved field studies and performing a mass balance for P at a Canadian kraft pulp mill.

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Effects of a PFI refiner’s operational parameters on the swellability of recycled fiber, TAPPI Journal May 2020

ABSTRACT: This paper presents data on the effects of operational parameters (number of revolutions, linear pressure, and gap) of the PFI refiner on the swellability of recycled fiber, which was characterized by water retention value (WRV). The results showed that the increase of recycled fiber’s WRV was proportional to the number of revolutions and the linear pressure, but inversely proportional to the gap. The mathematical relation between these parameters and the fiber WRV could be described by an empirical model for gaps greater than 0.1 mm. Scanning electron microscopic images of fiber morphology showed that the basic framework of fibers could be maintained with the gap greater than 0.1 mm, but was destroyed with smaller gaps. This model provides a technical reference for quantitative control of refining treatment and an effective method for improving recycled fiber quality.

Journal articles
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Open Access
How do mud balls form in lime kilns?, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: Mud ball formation in lime kilns has been a persistent problem in many kraft mills, particularly for older kilns that are equipped with chains. A systematic laboratory study was conducted to examine how mud balls are formed and the key factors that affect ball formation. The results confirm the general mill experience that high moisture and high sodium contents in lime mud are the main contributing factors to ball formation. The high moisture content allows lime mud to agglomerate and grow to form balls, while the high sodium content helps make the balls hard and retain their shape. A ball formation mechanism is proposed to explain how mud balls form and grow near the kiln feed end.

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Partnerships for Technology Challenges, 2018 PEERS

Partnerships for Technology Challenges, 2018 PEERS

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Magazine articles
Open Access
Does the kappa number method accurately reflect lignin content in nonwood pulps?, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Does the kappa number method accurately reflect lignin content in nonwood pulps?, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Journal articles
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Pulp Mill Energy Audit Pays Off, Paper360º July/August 2019

Pulp Mill Energy Audit Pays Off, Paper360º July/August 2019

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
The solubility of calcium carbonate in green liquor handling systems, TAPPI Journal October 2019

ABSTRACT: The formation of hard calcite (CaCO3) scale in green liquor handling systems is a persistent problem in many kraft pulp mills. CaCO3 precipitates when its concentration in the green liquor exceeds its solubility. While the solubility of CaCO3 in water is well known, it is not so in the highly alkaline green liquor environment. A systematic study was conducted to determine the solubility of CaCO3 in green liquor as a function of temperature, total titratable alkali (TTA), causticity, and sulfidity. The results show that the solubility increases with increased temperature, increased TTA, decreased causticity, and decreased sulfidity. The new solubility data was incorporated into OLI (a thermodynamic simulation program for aqueous salt systems) to generate a series of CaCO3 solubility curves for various green liquor conditions. The results help explain how calcite scale forms in green liquor handling systems.

Journal articles
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Open Access
Combustion behavior of kraft black liquor droplets from hot

Combustion behavior of kraft black liquor droplets from hot water pretreated hardwood and softwood chips, November 2016 TAPPI JOURNAL

Journal articles
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Open Access
Low-temperature precausticizing — a hopeful approach for green liquor desilication, TAPPI JOURNAL February 2017

Low-temperature precausticizing — a hopeful approach for green liquor desilication, TAPPI JOURNAL February 2017

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Removal of silicon from green liquor with low-temperature precausticizing, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2017

Removal of silicon from green liquor with low-temperature precausticizing, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2017

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