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Journal articles
Magazine articles
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Filtration efficiency and breathability of selected face masks, TAPPI Journal September 2023

ABSTRACT: Face masks have been used as physical barriers to stop respiratory infections for many years. Due to insufficient and low supply of certified masks, alternative face covers such as face shields, neck gaiters, and fabric reusable masks gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, for these alternate face masks to fulfill their intended function, they must be effective. Additionally, the level of breathability provided by the makeshift masks must be at a certain level. The work reported in this paper was carried out to determine the relationship between filtration efficiency (FE), breathability, and important physical characteristics of mask substrates. The fiber diameter of the core filter layer was determined using a scanning electron microscope. Five types of face masks (two types of N95, two types of surgical masks, and a 100% knitted cotton fabric) were tested for their FE and breathability using moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR). The cotton knitted mask had the lowest FE (5.10%•26.47%), while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified N95 mask had the highest FE values (92.10%•99.65%). However, the cotton mask outperformed the N95 in terms of the pressure drop, meaning higher comfort. In general, the N95 face mask provided the best protection against aerosolized particles. According to the regression analysis, the fiber diameter of the mask filter substrate serves as an important predictor of FE of mask substrates. In this study, it was confirmed that fiber diameter is inversely related to the filtration ability. Results show that compact structure with finer fibers will enable higher filtration efficiency. The study lends itself to developing layered face masks to obtain optimum filters with good filtration, better fit, and acceptable comfort for the wearer.

Journal articles
Open Access
Current Pulp Production in Japan and its Research and Techno

Current Pulp Production in Japan and its Research and Technological Topics, 1994 International Pan Pacific Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Progressive Deformation at the Crack Tip in Paper During Mod

Progressive Deformation at the Crack Tip in Paper During Mode 1 Fracture (Part 1 Bond Paper), 1991 International Paper Physics Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
CTMP in Fine Papers: On-Machine Surface Treatments for Impro

CTMP in Fine Papers: On-Machine Surface Treatments for Improved Brightness Stability, 1991 Papermakers Conference Proceedings

Open Access
PCEI9117

Role of Quality Implementation in Mill Decision Systems, 1991 Process Control, Electrical & Info. Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
On-Line Basis Weight Gauging and Control System for the Manu

On-Line Basis Weight Gauging and Control System for the Manufacture of Moist Towelettes, 1991 Nonwovens Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Critical Process Variables in the White Water System that Af

Critical Process Variables in the White Water System that Affect Glass Fiber Dispersion, 1993 Nonwovens Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Studies of Anisotropic Permeability with Applications to Wat

Studies of Anisotropic Permeability with Applications to Water Removal in Fibrous Webs, 1992 Nonwovens Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Antioxidants for viscosity and color stabilization of hot-me

Antioxidants for viscosity and color stabilization of hot-melt adhesives, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1996, Vol. 79(9)

Journal articles
Open Access
Interactions between melt nature and pretreatments: keys to

Interactions between melt nature and pretreatments: keys to good adhesion, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1996, Vol. 79(9)