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Utilization of palm fiber as papermaking materials: Microscopic structure and chemical pulping, TAPPI Journal October 2022
ABSTRACT: The microscopic structure and pulping properties of palm fiber were explored. Soda cooking and sulfate cooking were conducted and compared in terms of physical strength of the obtained pulps. Sulfate pulp showed better performance than soda pulp, as indicated by the 23% higher tensile index, 49% higher tear index, and 36% higher burst index. To further elevate physical strength, long fibered pulp (LFP), namely commercial softwood sulfate pulp, was mixed with sulfate pulp of palm fiber at levels from 20% to 50%. At the blend level of 50%, tensile index of 52.13 Nœm/g, tear index of 15.63 mNœm2/g, and burst index of 3.42 kPaœm2/g were attained. The lignin in spent liquor from pulping was isolated and characterized. Soda lignin of palm fiber was mainly composed of guaiacyl and syringyl units, and showed weight-average molecular weight of 3616 g/mol.
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Nanocellulose•cationic starch• colloidal silica systems for papermaking: Effects on process and paper properties, TAPPI Journal October 2022
ABSTRACT: Laboratory tests were conducted to better understand effects on the papermaking process and handsheets when recycled copy paper furnish was treated with combinations of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), cationic starch, colloidal silica, and cationic retention aid (cPAM; cationic polyacrylamide). Dosage-response experiments helped to define conditions leading to favorable processing outcomes, including dewatering rates and the efficiency of fine-particle retention during papermaking. Effects were found to depend on the addition amounts of cationic starch and colloidal silica added to the system. It was shown that the presence of a polymer additive such as cationic starch was essential in order to achieve large strength gains with simultaneous usage of NFC.
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The Mechanism of Bonding, TAPPI Journal September 2022
ABSTRACT: Three factors are involved in cellulose bonding--available area, contact, and hydrogen bonding.
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Totally chlorine-free peracetic acid pulping for nanocellulose isolation from hemp and poplar, TAPPI Journal August 2023
ABSTRACT: Nanocellulose is a promising and sustainable feedstock for developing advanced and functional materials. However, the characteristics of nanocellulose, such as crystallinity, surface energy, and aspect ratio, can vary depending on biomass source and pretreatment methods, leading to variable performance of the nanocellulose-based materials. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from hemp and poplar using totally chlorine free (TCF) peracetic acid and sodium chlorite delignification and bleaching pretreatments to probe the influences of biomass source and treatment methods on the isolation and characteristics of CNCs. Our results showed that hemp and poplar were almost completely delignified by peracetic acid treatment, whereas sodium chlorite treatment left 5%•6% lignin in the pulp. The yields of CNCs from raw hemp and poplar biomass ranged from 9.8% to 21.9% and 10.9% to 28.3%, respectively, depending on the treatment methods. The dimensions of CNCs from TCF-treated biomass generally maintained a larger width and aspect ratio than those from sodium chlorite-treated biomass. The poplar-derived CNCs exhibited slightly higher crystallinity of 53%•58% than hemp-derived CNCs of 49%•54%. The zeta potential of the CNCs, ranging from -20.1 mV to -31.1 mV, ensured a well-dispersed aqueous solution. The surface energy (dispersive energy of 40•80 mJ/m2 and specific energy of 2•10 mJ/m2), water interaction, and thermal stability of the CNCs were comparable, regardless of the biomass source and pretreatment methods. Our finding suggests that the TCF technique with peracetic acid treatment is a promising delignification and bleaching approach to obtain cellulose-rich pulps from herbaceous and hardwood biomass for nanocellulose isolation.
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SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023
ABSTRACT: Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is operated in a harsh reaction medium that contains hot pressurized water, inorganic acidic or basic catalyst, and inorganic/organic corrosive components released during the conversion. Candidate alloys for this application require suitable resistance to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to withstand the HTL process conditions (250°C•374°C and 4•22 MPa). Ferritic iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) steels are more prone to corrosion but less susceptible to SCC compared to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels. Chromizing can significantly reduce corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel (Fe-11Cr) in a simulated aqueous HTL solution. The objective of this study is to determine the SCC susceptibility of chromized Type 409 stainless steel, relative to the bare (non-chromized) case. The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique was used for this purpose. For simplicity of experimentation, SSRT was conducted using simulated HTL water containing 800 ppm potassium chloride (KCl), 1 M potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and 10 wt% acetic acid at ambient temperature and pressure. Complementary potentiodynamic polarization measurements and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS) were also made to help interpret the SSRT results. The SSRT results show no significant difference in SCC susceptibility, regardless of the starting surface. Thus, chromizing, while significantly reducing the corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel, does not adversely affect SCC susceptibility, at least under the conditions tested.
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Combustion behaviors of lignin-lean black liquor and lignin, TAPPI JOURNAL July 2015
Combustion behaviors of lignin-lean black liquor and lignin, TAPPI JOURNAL July 2015
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Editorial: Marc Foulger: All things papermaking, TAPPI JOUR
Editorial: Marc Foulger: All things papermaking, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
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Causality of manufacturing processes with significant time
Causality of manufacturing processes with significant time delays, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
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Desilication of bamboo for pulp production, TAPPI JOURNAL N
Desilication of bamboo for pulp production, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
Journal articles
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Modeling and parameter optimization of the papermaking processes by using regression tree model and full factorial design, TAPPI Journal February 2021
ABSTRACT: One of the major challenges in the pulp and paper industry is taking advantage of the large amount of data generated through its processes in order to develop models for optimization purposes, mainly in the papermaking, where the current practice for solving optimization problems is the error-proofing method. First, the multiple linear regression technique is applied to find the variables that affect the output pressure controlling the gap of the paper sheet between the rod sizer and spooner sections, which is the main cause of paper breaks. As a measure to determine the predictive capacity of the adjusted model, the coefficient of determination (R2) and s values for the output pressure were considered, while the variance inflation factor was used to identify and eliminate the collinearity problem. Considering the same amount of data available by using machine learning, the regression tree was the best model based on the root mean square error (RSME) and R2. To find the optimal operating conditions using the regression tree model as source of output pressure measurement, a full factorial design was developed. Using an alpha level of 5%, findings show that linear regression and the regression tree model found only four independent variables as significant; thus, the regression tree model demonstrated a clear advantage over the linear regression model alone by improving operating conditions and demonstrating less variability in output pressure. Furthermore, in the present work, it was demonstrated that the adjusted models with good predictive capacity can be used to design noninvasive experiments and obtain.