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Journal articles
Magazine articles
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How do mud balls form in lime kilns?, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: Mud ball formation in lime kilns has been a persistent problem in many kraft mills, particularly for older kilns that are equipped with chains. A systematic laboratory study was conducted to examine how mud balls are formed and the key factors that affect ball formation. The results confirm the general mill experience that high moisture and high sodium contents in lime mud are the main contributing factors to ball formation. The high moisture content allows lime mud to agglomerate and grow to form balls, while the high sodium content helps make the balls hard and retain their shape. A ball formation mechanism is proposed to explain how mud balls form and grow near the kiln feed end.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Advantages of lean duplex stainless steels in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: The performance of lean duplex stainless steels has been utilized by the pulp and paper industry since their introduction to the market almost 20 years ago. Experience has shown that this group of stainless steels has exceptional performance in, for example, alkaline environments towards typical deterioration mechanisms, i.e., uniform corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The chemistry of the “lean” duplex steels is designed so that the content of volatile and expensive elements like nickel and molybdenum can be reduced to an absolute minimum without sacrificing the technical performance. This reduces the raw material cost and most importantly provides predictability of the steel price, which is often challenging with conventional austenitic and duplex stainless steels.Thanks to a dual phase microstructure and high nitrogen content, lean duplex steels have at least two times higher strength compared to standard austenitic stainless steels. This is often a preferred feature in pulp and paper construction, as it enables lighter structures and less material to be utilized. Today, lean duplex steels are widely available in various dimensions, from thin cold rolled sheets up to thick hot rolled plates. Lean duplex steels are also fully recyclable after the decommissioning stage of the equipment, thereby contributing to the circular economy.

Journal articles
Open Access
Model to Predict the Precipitation of Burkeite in the Multip

Model to Predict the Precipitation of Burkeite in the Multiple Effect Evaporator and Techniques for Controlling Scaling, 1995 Engineering Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Liquor-To-Liquor Differences in Combustion and Gasification

Liquor-To-Liquor Differences in Combustion and Gasification Processes: Nitrogen Oxide Formation Tendency, 1995 Engineering Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Improving Softwood Mechanical Pulp Properties with Ophiostom

Improving Softwood Mechanical Pulp Properties with Ophiostoma Piliferum, 1995 Pulping Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
The Impact of the Summer Effect on Ink Detachment and Remova

The Impact of the Summer Effect on Ink Detachment and Removal