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Alternative “green” lime kiln fuels: Part I—Pulping/recovery byproducts, TAPPI Journal May 2020
ABSTRACT: This paper is the first of a two-part series on “green” lime kiln fuels. The first part of this work reviews the use of pulp mill and recovery byproducts as either full or partial replacement of oil or natural gas in the kiln. The second part reviews the use of various forms of woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification, and hydrogen as potential carbon neutral or carbon-free lime kiln fuels.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) — Fibrous substrates, TAPPI Journal September 2023
ABSTRACT: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been implemented during the finishing process of textiles such as upholstery, clothing, personal protective equipment, and sports gear to provide water resistance. Currently, PFAS are still present at quantifiable levels in consumer products and food, even though many companies have started to phase out PFAS treatment with non-toxic water repellant replacements given the possible detrimental health effects suggested by current research. This paper is a detailed review that focuses on how PFAS are implemented in textile production and sources of PFAS contamination during chemical treatments. This review also addresses current legislation on PFAS emissions and trade regulations to decrease exposure of consumers due to toxicokinetics and mechanisms of action through-out the body that are still not well understood. This paper includes a literature review on possible PFAS related health conditions shown from past research and contains suggested toxicity levels, exposure routes, duration, and pathways detailed to the best of our ability.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Cross-flow separation characteristics and piloting of graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane sheets and tubes for kraft black liquor concentration, TAPPI Journal September 2023
ABSTRACT: Dewatering of weak black liquor (WBL) in the kraft cycle by evaporation is highly energy intensive. Membranes are an attractive alternative for energy-efficient dewatering, but existing commercial polymeric or ceramic membranes are either degraded in BL or have high capital costs. Our recent works have demonstrated the engineering of graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration membranes, their stability and promising performance in BL conditions, and preliminary scale-up into sheets and tubes. Here, we describe in detail the separation characteristics of GO membrane sheets and tubes under real BL conditions and crossflow operation. Recycle-mode piloting of a GO tubular membrane showed average “production flux” of 16 L/m2/h (LMH) and high rejections of lignin (98.3%), total solids (66%), and total organic carbon (83%), with no signs of irreversible fouling identified. A corresponding GO sheet membrane produced an average flux of ~25 LMH and maintained high lignin rejection of ~97% during a slipstream pilot at a kraft mill site using WBL with ~16 wt% total solids (TS). Finally, we piloted a Dow/DuPont XUS1808 polyamide composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for last-mile processing of the GO nanofiltration membrane permeate. The RO membrane showed a steady state flux of 19 LMH at 65 bar and produced ~0.02 wt% TS water product, which is highly suitable for reuse in pulp washing operations in the kraft process. The results have strong positive implications for the industrial application of GO membranes in BL concentration and other related applications.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Utilization of Areca leaf residues for sustainable production of greyboard, TAPPI Journal May 2024
ABSTRACT: This study primarily focused on the production of greyboard using waste materials from small scale industries, and specifically using Areca leaf waste fibers as a sustainable and environmentally friendly resource. Areca leaf waste fibers were employed as the primary raw material for greyboard manufacturing. The resulting greyboard exhibited commendable properties, including a tear index of 7.53 mN·m2/g, tensile index of 18.34·N·m/g (i.e., breaking length of 1870 m), burst factor of 9.24 (gf/cm2)/(g/m2) and stiffness factor of 33.1. This greyboard was created through a series of steps, including hydrothermal treatment of the material at 155°C and mechanical pulping refinement. The produced greyboard met the specifications outlined in the Indian Standard 2617 (1967) for greyboard. The key objective of this work was to leverage agricultural waste resources to develop a chemical-free greyboard, resulting in reduced waste disposal in open fields and a decrease in chemical usage within the greyboard manufacturing industry. Various characterization techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), attenuated total reflection•Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to assess the fiber quality, including aspects such as functional groups, morphology, and crystallinity for the materials used in the manufacturing process.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Continuous digester process safety improvements • Stress corrosion cracking and overpressure protection lessons learned and opportunities, TAPPI Journal October 2024
ABSTRACT: Georgia-Pacific has recent experience with continuous digester stress corrosion cracking (SCC) repairs where the extent of SCC was more than previous spot inspections had predicted (one digester had anodic protection, one did not). This paper offers case studies of reviewed and improved digester inspections by use of “boat” samples to quantify the depth of cracking mechanism. Boat sample test data is used to support repair recommendations based on hardness testing. Georgia-Pacific also reviewed overpressure protection systems and corrected gaps found in these systems. These included updating to the latest original equipment manufacturer (OEM) designs and formalizing functional testing procedures and practices. This review of digester inspection, testing, and repairs since 2020 provides: (1) a basis for including a 3rd party corrosion expert to be a part of inspections; (2) removes the use of power-wire brushes; (3) enhances digester inspection with 100% phased-array ultrasonic testing to detect SCC; and (4) ensures overpressure protection design and testing is aligned with corporate needs and the site-specific challenges.
Magazine articles
How will integrated gasification impact kraft pulping and chemical recovery, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1999, Vol. 82(9)
How will integrated gasification impact kraft pulping and chemical recovery, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1999, Vol. 82(9)
Magazine articles
1998 international chemical recovery conference, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1998, Vol. 81(12)
1998 international chemical recovery conference, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1998, Vol. 81(12)
Magazine articles
English as a first and second language - part 7: a strategy for spelling, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 1998, Vol.81(10)
English as a first and second language - part 7: a strategy for spelling, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 1998, Vol.81(10)
Magazine articles
The industry: beyond 2000, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 1998, Vol.81(10)
The industry: beyond 2000, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 1998, Vol.81(10)
Magazine articles
Indonesian update: a country in change, an industry in recovery, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)
Indonesian update: a country in change, an industry in recovery, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)