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Journal articles
Open Access
Data-efficient determination of machine-specific process windows in thermoforming using the example of PCR materials, TAPPI Journal July 2025

ABSTRACT: In an industrial context, process windows for thermoplastics in thermoforming processes are still often determined through time-consuming trial-and-error approaches. This results in increased effort when commissioning new machines, implementing new technologies, or substituting sheet materials. One key reason is the lack of methods that allow for efficient, process-related assessment of material behavior and a quantitative definition of a “target state” of the heated sheet in relation to geometry and process conditions. In this study, we present the In-Situ Thermoforming Characterization (ITC) method as an application-oriented approach that enables format-independent evaluation of material behavior directly within the forming station of a thermoforming system. The method was successfully applied to a material substitution case, replacing conventional virgin polypropylene (PP) with post-consumer recyclate (PCR) — in this case, recycled PP (rPP) — in the production of a defined cup geometry. The results enabled the transfer of existing process knowledge from the virgin material to the recyclate, thereby accelerating material qualification. Based on the collected data, material behavior under process conditions could be mapped within the design space, making it possible to identify machine settings that deliver equivalent forming results in our test setup. Overall, the method shows strong potential for efficient and precise determination of machine-specific process windows.

Journal articles
Open Access
Effect of ink and paperboard characteristics on flexographic

Effect of ink and paperboard characteristics on flexographic print quality based on print density, TAPPI JOURNAL September 2011

Laminating Adhesives State-of-the-Art and Future Technologies, 2005 European PLACE Conference

Laminating Adhesives State-of-the-Art and Future Technologies, 2005 European PLACE Conference

Novel High Performance Collation Shrink Films for Bundling and Multipacks, 2005 European PLACE Conference

Novel High Performance Collation Shrink Films for Bundling and Multipacks, 2005 European PLACE Conference

How to Maximise the Adhesion Potential of LDPE and Acid Copolymers?, 2005 European PLACE Conference

How to Maximise the Adhesion Potential of LDPE and Acid Copolymers?, 2005 European PLACE Conference

Flame Plasma Surface Treating System Applied to a High Speed Coating Line, 2005 European PLACE Conference

Flame Plasma Surface Treating System Applied to a High Speed Coating Line, 2005 European PLACE Conference

New Solutions for Extrusion Coating and Lamination Based on Constrained Geometry Catalysis, 2005 European PLACE Conference

New Solutions for Extrusion Coating and Lamination Based on Constrained Geometry Catalysis, 2005 European PLACE Conference

Retort Flexible Pouches: Selecting a Co-Packer, 2005 PLACE Conference

Retort Flexible Pouches: Selecting a Co-Packer, 2005 PLACE Conference

Improving the Gas-Fading Performance of Polyethylene Film Resins by Addressing the Over-Oxidation of Phenolic Antioxidants, 2005 PLACE Conference

Improving the Gas-Fading Performance of Polyethylene Film Resins by Addressing the Over-Oxidation of Phenolic Antioxidants, 2005 PLACE Conference

Journal articles
Permeation processes in barriers and membranes: complementary differences, "the PLACE", February 2003 (336KB)

Permeation processes in barriers and membranes: complementary differences, "the PLACE", February 2003 (336KB)

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