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Journal articles
Open Access
Canadian industry: 1996 review, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1997, Vol. 80(1)

Canadian industry: 1996 review, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1997, Vol. 80(1)

Journal articles
Open Access
The association angle: CPPA on Canada, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1997, Vol. 80(1)

The association angle: cppa on canada, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1997, Vol. 80(1)

Journal articles
Open Access
The French pulp and paper industry in review, TAPPI JOURNAL, June 1997, Vol. 80(6)

The french pulp and paper industry in review, TAPPI JOURNAL, June 1997, Vol. 80(6)

Journal articles
Open Access
Capitalizing on an environmental enterprise, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1997, Vol. 80(3)

Capitalizing on an environmental enterprise, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1997, Vol. 80(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
Improving softwood mechanical pulp properties with ophiostoma piliferum, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1997, Vol. 80(3)

Improving softwood mechanical pulp properties with ophiostoma piliferum, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1997, Vol. 80(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
A simple method for estimation of newsprint dyes in effluents and their migration from paper samples, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1997, Vol. 80(5)

A simple method for estimation of newsprint dyes in effluents and their migration from paper samples, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1997, Vol. 80(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Achieving compliance with 112(r): The road to success, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1997, Vol. 80(5)

Achieving compliance with 112(r): The road to success, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1997, Vol. 80(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Pick the perfect thermoplastic for pulp and paper pipes and vessels, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)

Pick the perfect thermoplastic for pulp and paper pipes and vessels, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Economic stability bodes well for Brazilian pulp and paper producers, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)

Economic stability bodes well for brazilian pulp and paper producers, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Effects of calcium on sodium salt scaling with the presence of resin acids and fatty acids, TAPPI Journal June 2026

ABSTRACT: Reintroducing tall oil soap or its related products into high dry solids black liquor has been found to reduce sodium salt scaling in falling film evaporators. Aside from resin acids and fatty acids, which are the likely scale inhibitors, calcium is reintroduced into black liquor because of the relatively high calcium content of tall oil soap. One concern is that this increase in calcium content might lead to the formation of additional calcium and sodium scales in evaporators. In this work, we investigated the relationship among trace amounts of calcium, sodium salts, resin acids, and fatty acids in a controlled system using a model salt solution and a benchtop setup. We studied the effects of the calcium carbonate addition and calcium carbonate scales on sodium salt scaling in the presence of resin acids and fatty acids. We found that some calcium carbonate is incorporated in the precipitated sodium crystals, and the suspended sodium crystals become larger and more compact with increasing calcium carbonate concentration. Experiments in the benchtop setup show that precipitating calcium carbonate scale on the heat exchanger does not lead to a higher rate of sodium salt scaling. The solubility of calcium carbonate is not affected by the addition of resin acids and fatty acids. These findings indicate that the reduction in sodium salt scaling through the addition of tall oil soap is primarily related to resin acids and fatty acids, rather than to calcium or to interactions between calcium and mixtures of resin and fatty acids.

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