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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Impact and feasibility of a membrane pre-concentration step in kraft recovery, TAPPI Journal May 2021

ABSTRACT: Emerging robust membrane systems can perform the first section of black liquor (BL) concentration by separating clean water from the black liquor stream using only mechanical pressure. By doing so, they can reduce the steam and energy required for BL concentration. Because of the high osmotic pressure of strong BL, a membrane system would not replace evaporators but would operate in series, performing the first section of BL concentration. In this work, we use a multi-effect evaporator (MEE) model to quantify the steam and energy savings associated with installing membrane systems of different sizes. When maintaining a constant BL solids throughput, we find that a pulp mill could reduce steam usage in its evaporators by up to 65%. Alternatively, a membrane system could also serve to increase BL throughput of the recovery train. We find that a membrane system capable of concentrating BL to 25% could double the BL solids throughput of a mill’s evaporators at the same steam usage. We also demonstrate that installing a membrane system before an MEE would minimally affect key operating parameters such as steam pressures and BL solids concentrations in each effect. This indicates that installing a membrane pre-concentration system would be nonintrusive to a mill’s operations.

Journal articles
Open Access
Mill experience in high-consistency ozone bleaching of southern pine pulp, TAPPI JOURNAL, June 1994, Vol. 77(6)

Mill experience in high-consistency ozone bleaching of southern pine pulp, TAPPI JOURNAL, June 1994, Vol. 77(6)

Journal articles
Open Access
Deinking laser-print paper using ultrasound, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Deinking laser-print paper using ultrasound, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
Enzymatic degradation of polygalacturonic acids released from mechanical pulp during peroxide bleaching, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Enzymatic degradation of polygalacturonic acids released from mechanical pulp during peroxide bleaching, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
Bleaching of softwood kraft pulps with the enzone process, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Bleaching of softwood kraft pulps with the enzone process, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1994, Vol. 77(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
BFR (tm): a new process toward bleach plant closure, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

BFR (tm): a new process toward bleach plant closure, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Medium-consistency ozone bleaching with enzyme pretreatment, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Medium-consistency ozone bleaching with enzyme pretreatment, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Enzyme-aided bleaching of industrial softwood kraft pulps, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Enzyme-aided bleaching of industrial softwood kraft pulps, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
Optimized oxygen bleaching of kraft pulp treated with nitrogen dioxide, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Optimized oxygen bleaching of kraft pulp treated with nitrogen dioxide, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

Journal articles
Open Access
High-kappa pulping and extended oxygen delignification decreases recovery cycle load, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

High-kappa pulping and extended oxygen delignification decreases recovery cycle load, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1994, Vol. 77(11)

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