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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Experiments and visualization of sprays from beer can and turbo liquor nozzles, TAPPI Journal February 2022

ABSTRACT: Industrial scale swirl-type black liquor nozzles were studied using water as the test fluid. Simple water spraying experiments were found to be very beneficial for studying and comparing nozzles for black liquor spraying. These kinds of experiments are important for finding better nozzle designs. Three nozzle designs were investigated to understand the functional differences between these nozzles. The pressure loss of nozzle 1 (“tangential swirl”) and nozzle 3 (“turbo”) were 97% and 38% higher compared to nozzle 2 (“tan-gential swirl”). Spray opening angles were 75°, 60°, and 35° for nozzles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Video imaging showed that the nozzles produced sprays that were inclined a few degrees from the nozzle centerline. Spray patter-nation showed all the sprays to be asymmetric, while nozzle 2 was the most symmetric. Laser-Doppler measure-ments showed large differences in spray velocities between nozzles. The spray velocity for nozzle 1 increased from 9 m/s to 15 m/s when the flow rate was increased from 1.5 L/s to 2.5 L/s. The resulting velocity increase for nozzle 2 was from 7 m/s to 11 m/s, and for nozzle 3, it was from 8 m/s to 13 m/s. Tangential flow (swirl) directed the spray 6°•12° away from the vertical plane. Liquid sheet breakup mechanisms and lengths were estimated by analyzing high speed video images. The liquid sheet breakup mechanism for nozzle 1 was estimated to be wave formation, and the sheet length was estimated to be about 10 cm. Sheet breakup mechanisms for nozzle 2 were wave formation and sheet perforation, and the sheet length was about 20 cm. Nozzle 3 was not supposed to form a liquid sheet. Nozzle geometry was found to greatly affect spray characteristics.

Journal articles
Open Access
Transfer of cationic retention aid from fibers to fine particles and cleavage of polymer chains under wet-end papermaking conditions, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Transfer of cationic retention aid from fibers to fine particles and cleavage of polymer chains under wet-end papermaking conditions, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
The effect of temperature on wet Web strength properties, TA

The effect of temperature on wet Web strength properties, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
International naval stores conference highlights developments, demand forecasts in forest chemicals industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1993, Vol. 76(3)

International naval stores conference highlights developments, demand forecasts in forest chemicals industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1993, Vol. 76(3)

Journal articles
Open Access
Color coating dewatering in blade coaters - part 1: mathemat

Color coating dewatering in blade coaters - part 1: mathematical model and the influence of color parameters, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Permeation properties of moisture sensitive barrier material

Permeation properties of moisture sensitive barrier materials under end use conditions, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Molded fiber dual ovenable containers, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 19

Molded fiber dual ovenable containers, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Survey of lime kiln operation and ringing problems, TAPPI JO

Survey of lime kiln operation and ringing problems, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Contact angle titrations of pulp fiber furnishes, TAPPI JOUR

Contact angle titrations of pulp fiber furnishes, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

Journal articles
Open Access
Advanced deinking supervision using a new sensor for on-line

Advanced deinking supervision using a new sensor for on-line speck measurements, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1993, Vol. 76(5)

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