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Study on the effect of aluminum diethyl phosphinate in synergy with ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy of cellulose paper, TAPPI Journal April 2025
ABSTRACT: This paper involved the synergistic incorporation of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and diethyl aluminum phosphinate (AlPi) as flame-retardant fillers for producing flame-retardant paper. The research revealed that APPs were square particles with a smooth surface, and their solubility was 0.29 g/100 mL at 20°C, which increased to 4.12 g/100 mL at 60°C. The surfaces of AlPis were rough and irregular. The solubility of AlPi was 0.023 g/100 mL at 20°C, and the solubility remained stable when the temperature increased. The addition of AlPi had a minor influence on the pulp beating degree. The tensile strength of kraft/APP/AlPi decreased with the increase of the AlPi addition. For a paper with 20 wt% APP and 0 wt% AlPi, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was 27.2%, and it burned completely at the eighth second during vertical combustion. When the AlPi additive content increased to 20 wt%, its LOI value increased to 32.2%, and the vertical combustion self-extinguished as soon as the flame was removed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the char residue of the kraft/APP/AlPi had a more complete fiber network structure than that of kraft/APP. The Raman spectroscopy indicated that the area ratio of the D (amorphous phase; disordered graphite vibration) band to the G (crystal phase; graphite carbon vibration) band (ID/ IG) ratio of kraft/APP/AlPi was lower than that of kraft/APP, meaning that the graphitization degree of the char residue of kraft/APP/AlPi was higher than that of kraft/APP, which indicated the kraft/APP/AlPi had better flame retardancy.
Journal articles
Production of High Quality and Low Energy Chemithermomechani
Production of High Quality and Low Energy Chemithermomechanical Pulp, 1992 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Journal articles
Xylanase Treatment for the Bleaching of Softwood Kraft Pulps
Xylanase Treatment for the Bleaching of Softwood Kraft Pulps: The Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Substitution, 1992 Pulping Conference Proceedings
Journal articles
Application of pure, thermostable, alkali-tolerant xylanase
Application of pure, thermostable, alkali-tolerant xylanase in bleaching of oxygen-delignified pine kraft pulp, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
Journal articles
Applicability of electrodialysis to the separation of sodium
Applicability of electrodialysis to the separation of sodium acetate from synthetic alkaline hardwood extract, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Identifying microbially influenced corrosion on surfaces con
Identifying microbially influenced corrosion on surfaces contacted by mill waters, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
Journal articles
An automatic method for detecting missing dots in rotogravur
An automatic method for detecting missing dots in rotogravure printing, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015
Journal articles
Effect of feedstock moisture content on biomass boiler operation, TAPPI JOURNAL October 2015
Effect of feedstock moisture content on biomass boiler operation, TAPPI JOURNAL October 2015
Journal articles
Pyrolysis of hardwood soda-anthraquinone spent pulping liquor, TAPPI JOURNAL October 2015
Pyrolysis of hardwood soda-anthraquinone spent pulping liquor, TAPPI JOURNAL October 2015
Journal articles
Examination of the potential to reduce water application rates in pine wet decks, TAPPI JOURNAL October 2015
Examination of the potential to reduce water application rates in pine wet decks, TAPPI JOURNAL October 2015