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Quantification of the degree of preference for different tissue products based on a hand-felt tissue test panel, TAPPI Journal May 2023
ABSTRACT: In this study, we successfully established a quantification model to determine the preference (PF) for different tissue products based on the results of a hand-felt tissue testing panel. The panel ascertained that products designed with four-ply tissues provided higher total tensile strength (TTS) and hand-felt surface softness (HSS) than did those of the three-ply, two-ply, and single-ply products.When practically tested with a tissue softness analyzer (TSA), the four-ply tissue product had a softness (TSA-HF) advantage; however, in human panel tests, more than half of the participants could not be sure of the hand-felt bulk softness (HBS) of the four-ply tissue product. This was mainly because when using the four-ply tissue, the hand-held test pad gave an overall perception distinctly different from those of the hand-held two- or three-ply products, which also differed from the flattened state of test pieces used in the instrumental softness tests. Users could distinctly feel that a product was safer (better TTS) and more comfortable (higher hand-held surface softness). Thus, the four-ply tissue product was accorded a higher preference.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Research on flame-retardant paper prepared by the method of in-pulp addition of ammonium polyphosphate, TAPPI Journal May 2023
ABSTRACT: At present, the production of flame-retardant paper usually uses the impregnation method of phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants in paper. There are few reports on the application of an in-pulp addition method. In this paper, the solubility of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its effect on flame-retardant paper were investigated for use in an in-pulp addition method. It was found that APP particles were square, with an average particle size of 21.88 µm. The particle size decreased significantly after immersion in water at 25°C for 24 h. Furthermore, most of the APPs were dissolved after immersion in water at 90°C for 0.5 h, and the residuals agglomerated and their shape turned into an amorphous form. The APP possessed strong electronegativity and could partially ionize in water. The solubility of APP was 0.18 g/100 mL water at 25°C and increased quickly when the temperature was higher than 30°C. Therefore, APP should be added to the pulp at temperatures below 30°C. The tensile strength of the paper initially increased with the addition of APP, and it reached the maximum value when the APP content was 10% and then gradually decreased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the paper was 28.7% when the added amount of APP was 30% and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was 0.08%, reaching the flame-retardant level.
Journal articles
Infrared Microspectroscopy: Analysis of Multilayer Films, Co
Infrared Microspectroscopy: Analysis of Multilayer Films, Contaminants and Inclusions, 1990 Polymers, Laminations & Coatings Conference Proceedings
Effect of Flotation Deinked Recycled Fibre on Newsprint Printability, 1990 International Printing & Graphic Arts Conference Proceedings
Effect of Flotation Deinked Recycled Fibre on Newsprint Printability, 1990 International Printing & Graphic Arts Conference Proceedings
Journal articles
Hot Soft Calendering: Effect on Surface Finish and Printabil
Hot Soft Calendering: Effect on Surface Finish and Printability of Paper, 1990 International Printing & Graphic Arts Conference Proceedings
Journal articles
Setting the Scene for Environmental Compliance in the Last D
Setting the Scene for Environmental Compliance in the Last Decade of the Twentieth Century, 1990 Nonwovens Conference Proceedings
Journal articles
Editorial: Advancing the Digital Twin paradigm — From network mechanics to functional paper physics, TAPPI Journal March 2026
This Special Paper Physics Issue of TAPPI Journal serves as a critical bridge between the phenomenological observations shared at the last International Paper Physics Conference in Wuppertal, Germany, and the rigorous quantification required to realize the “Digital Twin” paradigm. This paradigm involves the creation of a virtual dynamic representation of a process that acts as a real-time counterpart of the actual one. We are particularly indebted to Jaan-Willem Simon of the University of Wuppertal, whose leadership was pivotal in translating the conference’s academic rigor into this scholarly collection.
Journal articles
Estimating dose and interaction of X-rays with cellulose-based fibrous materials using micro-computed tomography, TAPPI Journal March 2026
ABSTRACT: Micro-computed tomography (ìCT) has a reputation as a nondestructive analysis method. Unfortunately, this leads to the common misconception that radiation damage of the sample does not play a role. With the increased use of ìCT in laboratory-based machines, more and more cellulose-based materials are studied. In this paper, we show with three examples that radiation damage is important in dry and wet paper and in viscose fibers. In an attempt to quantify radiation damage, we came up with a workflow that enables researchers to predict the X-ray dose within a laboratory-based ìCT machine. This gives researchers the possibility to quantitatively judge the influence of radiation damage on each measured sample. While one cannot extend the measured doses from one machine to another, one can still apply the work flow presented in this study to any ìCT setup. In this way, it is possible to minimize radiation damage by choosing the best parameters in a ìCT for obtaining perfect data with no or little radiation damage.
Journal articles
Point load measurements on paperboard packages and bulging, TAPPI Journal March 2026
ABSTRACT: Paperboard packaging is made by processing board materials into sheets or rolls and shaping them through creasing, cutting, folding, and erecting. The conversion process generates residual moments at the folds that cause panel bulging. This study experimentally investigates how the bulging introduced during the converting processes influence the mechanical response of paperboard packages during point load testing within the elastic deformation range. The study shows that panel bulging may significantly affect packaging performance as-perceived strength and stiffness. Bulging, influenced by the board’s basis weight, can affect the package performance even more than packaging stiffness. Point load tests in the elastic region were performed on empty packages (78 mm × 50 mm × 110 mm) with force applied at specific points along their long sides. The packages evaluated in this study were made of two identically processed materials of different grammages. The heavier material showed more pronounced bulging than the lighter one, leading to overlapping force-displacement curves for the packages, and to that, a lower force and stiffness may be measured at a certain indentation depth for the package of heavier material. This complicates material choice according to functional requirements. The results show that a highly bulged package might resemble one with less bulging of another material. According to the results, it is not certain that a higher grammage package shows a higher indentation force and stiffness than a lower grammage package when measured at a certain indentation. This indicates that optimizing the creasing and folding processes can be a way to enhance performance rather than simply increasing board weight. The study underscores the importance of controlling converting parameters, especially creasing and folding behavior. Well-performed creasing and folding gives a low residual momentum, little bulging, and a high stiffness and compression strength at point loading in the elastic region. Proper optimization can improve packaging performance and manual handling user-friendliness.
Journal articles
Parameters Affecting the Supercalender's Ability to Keep Up
Parameters Affecting the Supercalender's Ability to Keep Up with the Machine, 1990 Finishing and Converting Conference Proceedings