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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Black liquor evaporators upgrade — How many effects?, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: Black liquor evaporation is generally the most energy intensive unit operation in a pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The black liquor evaporators can represent a third or more of the total mill steam usage, followed by the paper machine and digester. When considering an evaporator rebuild or a new system, the key design question is how many effects to include in the system. The number of effects is the main design feature that deter-mines the economy of the system and the steam usage for a given evaporation capacity. A higher number of effects increases steam economy and reduces energy cost to a point, but additional effects also have higher initial capital cost and increased power costs. This research paper uses life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) as a method to determine the optimum number of evaporator effects for a new evaporator system. The same basic principles and method can also apply to existing evaporator rebuild projects.

Journal articles
Open Access
A comparison of five optical surface topography measurement methods 15-Jan-27

A comparison of five optical surface topography measurement methods, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2015

Journal articles
Over the Wire , Paper360° January/February 2015 -15JANPA10

Over the Wire, Paper360º January/February 2015

Journal articles
What to Expect from OSHA in 2015 . . . and Beyond , Paper360° January/February 2015 - 15JANPA16

What to Expect from OSHA in 2015 . . .and Beyond, Paper360º January/February 2015

Journal articles
Rolling Under the Radar in North Carolina, Paper360° January/February 2015 - 15JANPA24

Rolling Under the Radar in North Carolina, Paper360º January/February 2015

Journal articles
Printing Electronics on Paper and Board, Paper360° January/February 2015 - 15JANPA28

Printing Electronics on Paper and Board, Paper360º January/February 2015

Journal articles
Association News, Paper360° January/February 2015 - 15JANPA29

Association News, Paper360º January/February 2015

Journal articles
2015 PaperCon Promotional, Paper360° January/February 2015 - 15JANPA33

2015 PaperCon, Paper360º January/February 2015