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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Black liquor evaporators upgrade — How many effects?, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: Black liquor evaporation is generally the most energy intensive unit operation in a pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The black liquor evaporators can represent a third or more of the total mill steam usage, followed by the paper machine and digester. When considering an evaporator rebuild or a new system, the key design question is how many effects to include in the system. The number of effects is the main design feature that deter-mines the economy of the system and the steam usage for a given evaporation capacity. A higher number of effects increases steam economy and reduces energy cost to a point, but additional effects also have higher initial capital cost and increased power costs. This research paper uses life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) as a method to determine the optimum number of evaporator effects for a new evaporator system. The same basic principles and method can also apply to existing evaporator rebuild projects.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Effects of phosphogypsum whiskers modification with calcium stearate and their impacts on properties of bleached softwood paper sheets, TAPPI Journal September 2021

ABSTRACT: By combining the structural properties and characteristics of phosphogypsum whiskers, a preliminary study on the modification of phosphogypsum whiskers and their application in papermaking was carried out. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and reaction concentration on the solubility and retention of modified phosphogypsum whiskers and the effects of phosphogypsum whiskers on the physical properties of paper under different modified conditions were explored. The research results show that, after the phosphogypsum whiskers are modified with calcium stearate, a coating layer will be formed on the surface of the whiskers, which effectively reduces the solubility of the phosphogypsum whiskers. The best modification conditions are: the amount of calcium stearate relative to the absolute dry mass of the phosphogypsum whisker is 2.00%; the modification time is 30 min, and the modification temperature is 60°C. The use of modified phosphogypsum whiskers for paper filling will slightly reduce the whiteness, folding resistance, burst resistance, and tensile strength of the paper, but the tearing degree and retention of the filler will be increased to some extent.

Magazine articles
Open Access
Chromizing for near-drum corrosion protection, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1999, Vol. 82(9)

Chromizing for near-drum corrosion protection, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1999, Vol. 82(9)

Magazine articles
Open Access
ISO 9000 registration-avoiding unnecessary procedures, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1996, Vol. 79(11)

ISO 9000 registration-avoiding unnecessary procedures, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1996, Vol. 79(11)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Proper design and use of suction roll sealing strips in suction roll operation, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1996, Vol. 79(11)

Proper design and use of suction roll sealing strips in suction roll operation, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1996, Vol. 79(11)

Magazine articles
Open Access
The enemy within, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

The enemy within, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Anhydrous ammonia storage vessels in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

Anhydrous ammonia storage vessels in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Contributing causes and risk reduction of crevice corrosion, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1998, Vol. 81(11)

Contributing causes and risk reduction of crevice corrosion, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1998, Vol. 81(11)

Magazine articles
Open Access
English as a first and second language - part 6: avoiding grammar traps, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)

English as a first and second language - part 6: avoiding grammar traps, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Technology spotlight: the paper machine of tomorrow - maintenance and engineering, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)

Technology spotlight: the paper machine of tomorrow - maintenance and engineering, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)

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