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Journal articles
Open Access
Paper mill sludge as a valuable fuel, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

Paper mill sludge as a valuable fuel, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
Split addition of chlorine and pH control for reducing formation of dioxins, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989 89DEC121

Split addition of chlorine and pH control for reducing formation of dioxins, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
The difference between dry and rewetted zero-span tensile strength of paper, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989 89DEC164

The difference between dry and rewetted zero-span tensile strength of paper, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
User-friendly system analyzes paper formation, dirt speck content, and solid-print nonuniformity, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

User-friendly system analyzes paper formation, dirt speck content, and solid-print nonuniformity, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
Wet-formed nonwoven webs from high-performance fibers, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989 89DEC109

Wet-formed nonwoven webs from high-performance fibers, TAPPI JOURNAL December 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
Nonwoven geotextiles: types and applications, TAPPI JOURNAL August 1989

Nonwoven geotextiles: types and applications, TAPPI JOURNAL August 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
89APR65

New machine or rebuild?, TAPPI JOURNAL April 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
Wax emulsions in aqueous polymeric coatings: contributions and mechanisms, TAPPI JOURNAL April 1989

Wax emulsions in aqueous polymeric coatings: contributions and mechanisms, TAPPI JOURNAL April 1989

Journal articles
Open Access
Characterization of printed offset ink layers on printing papers using fractal analysis, TAPPI JOURNAL May 2012

Characterization of printed offset ink layers on printing papers using fractal analysis, TAPPI JOURNAL May 2012

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Lignin-based resins for kraft paper applications, TAPPI Journal November 2019

ABSTRACT: We investigated miscanthus (MS) and willow (W) lignin-furfural based resins as potential reinforce-ment agents on softwood and hardwood kraft paper. These resins might be sustainable alternatives to the commercial phenolformaldehyde (PF) resins. Phenol is a petrochemical product and formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The lignin used in this study was derived from hot water extraction (160ºC, 2 h) of MS and W biomass, and may be considered sulfur-free. These biorefinery lignins were characterized for their chemical composition and inherent properties via wet chemistry and instrumental techniques. The resin blends (MS-resin and W-resin) were characterized for their molecular weight, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were measured by the resin’s ability to reinforce softwood and hard-wood kraft papers. The effect of adding hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a curing agent, to the resin was also examined. Mixtures of PF and lignin-based resins were investigated to further explore ways to reduce use of non-renewables, phenol, and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The results show that lignin-based resins have the potential to replace PF resins in kraft paper applications. For softwood paper, the highest strength was achieved using W-resin, without HMTA (2.5 times greater than PF with HMTA). For hardwood paper, MS-resin with HMTA gave the highest strength (2.3 times higher than PF with HMTA). The lignin-based resins, without HMTA, also yielded mechanical properties comparable to PF with HMTA.

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