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Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Lignin-based resins for kraft paper applications, TAPPI Journal November 2019

ABSTRACT: We investigated miscanthus (MS) and willow (W) lignin-furfural based resins as potential reinforce-ment agents on softwood and hardwood kraft paper. These resins might be sustainable alternatives to the commercial phenolformaldehyde (PF) resins. Phenol is a petrochemical product and formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The lignin used in this study was derived from hot water extraction (160ºC, 2 h) of MS and W biomass, and may be considered sulfur-free. These biorefinery lignins were characterized for their chemical composition and inherent properties via wet chemistry and instrumental techniques. The resin blends (MS-resin and W-resin) were characterized for their molecular weight, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were measured by the resin’s ability to reinforce softwood and hard-wood kraft papers. The effect of adding hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a curing agent, to the resin was also examined. Mixtures of PF and lignin-based resins were investigated to further explore ways to reduce use of non-renewables, phenol, and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The results show that lignin-based resins have the potential to replace PF resins in kraft paper applications. For softwood paper, the highest strength was achieved using W-resin, without HMTA (2.5 times greater than PF with HMTA). For hardwood paper, MS-resin with HMTA gave the highest strength (2.3 times higher than PF with HMTA). The lignin-based resins, without HMTA, also yielded mechanical properties comparable to PF with HMTA.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Critical parameters for tall oil separation I: The importance of ration of fatty acids to rosin acids, TAPPI Journal September 2019

ABSTRACT: Tall oil is a valuable byproduct in chemical pulping of wood, and its fractions have a large spectrum of applications as chemical precursors, detergents, and fuel. High recovery of tall oil is important for the economic and environmental profile of chemical pulp mills. The purpose of this study was to investigate critical parameters of tall oil separation from black liquor. To investigate this in a controlled way, we developed a model test system using a “synthetic” black liquor (active cooking chemicals OH- and HS- ions), a complete process for soap skimming, and determination of recovered tall oil based on solvent extraction and colorimetric analysis, with good reproducibility. We used the developed system to study the effect of the ratio of fatty acids to rosin acids on tall oil separation. When high amounts of rosin acids were present, tall oil recovery was low, while high content of fatty acids above 60% significantly promoted tall oil separation. Therefore, manipulating the content of fatty acids in black liquor before the soap skimming step can significantly affect the tall oil solubility, and hence its separation. The findings open up chemical ways to improve the tall oil yield.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Editorial: 2018 TAPPI Journal features diverse content, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Editorial: 2018 TAPPI Journal features diverse content, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Magazine articles
Open Access
A personal mount st. helens experience, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 2000, Vol. 83(5)

A personal mount st. helens experience, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 2000, Vol. 83(5)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Industry leaders: jukka harmala leads stora enso into new global age, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 2000, Vol. 83(5)

Industry leaders: jukka harmala leads stora enso into new global age, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 2000, Vol. 83(5)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Using climate change policies for u.s. pulp and paper industry efficiency, TAPPI JOURNAL, July 2000, Vol. 83(7)

Using climate change policies for u.s. pulp and paper industry efficiency, TAPPI JOURNAL, July 2000, Vol. 83(7)

Magazine articles
Open Access
What's new with tappi test methods?, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

What's new with tappi test methods?, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Energy: recovering capital and cutting costs, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 2000, Vol. 83(11)

Energy: recovering capital and cutting costs, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 2000, Vol. 83(11)

Magazine articles
Open Access
On management: energy and the pulp and paper industry - how will electric utility deregulation affect You?, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1998, Vol. 81(3)

On management: energy and the pulp and paper industry - how will electric utility deregulation affect You?, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1998, Vol. 81(3)

Magazine articles
Open Access
English as a first and second language - part 6: avoiding grammar traps, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)

English as a first and second language - part 6: avoiding grammar traps, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1998, Vol. 81(9)

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