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Magazine articles
Open Access
Forklift emissions - some solutions, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1993, Vol. 76(12)

Forklift emissions - some solutions, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1993, Vol. 76(12)

Magazine articles
Open Access
The enemy within, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

The enemy within, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Anhydrous ammonia storage vessels in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

Anhydrous ammonia storage vessels in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1997, Vol. 80(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Shop talk: reducing voc emissions with thermal oxidation units, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1997, Vol. 80(12)

Shop talk: reducing voc emissions with thermal oxidation units, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1997, Vol. 80(12)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Operations teams run a woodyard, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1996, Vol. 79(12)

Operations teams run a woodyard, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1996, Vol. 79(12)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Local section development efforts earn distinction for paul magnabosco, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1996, Vol. 79(3)

Local section development efforts earn distinction for paul magnabosco, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1996, Vol. 79(3)

Magazine articles
Open Access
1995 pulping conference succees with opportunities to participate, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1996, Vol. 79(5)

1995 pulping conference succees with opportunities to participate, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1996, Vol. 79(5)

Magazine articles
Open Access
China: now and in the future, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1996, Vol. 79(5)

China: now and in the future, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1996, Vol. 79(5)

Magazine articles
Open Access
ISO 9000 registration-avoiding unnecessary procedures, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1996, Vol. 79(11)

ISO 9000 registration-avoiding unnecessary procedures, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1996, Vol. 79(11)

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Lignin-based resins for kraft paper applications, TAPPI Journal November 2019

ABSTRACT: We investigated miscanthus (MS) and willow (W) lignin-furfural based resins as potential reinforce-ment agents on softwood and hardwood kraft paper. These resins might be sustainable alternatives to the commercial phenolformaldehyde (PF) resins. Phenol is a petrochemical product and formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The lignin used in this study was derived from hot water extraction (160ºC, 2 h) of MS and W biomass, and may be considered sulfur-free. These biorefinery lignins were characterized for their chemical composition and inherent properties via wet chemistry and instrumental techniques. The resin blends (MS-resin and W-resin) were characterized for their molecular weight, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were measured by the resin’s ability to reinforce softwood and hard-wood kraft papers. The effect of adding hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a curing agent, to the resin was also examined. Mixtures of PF and lignin-based resins were investigated to further explore ways to reduce use of non-renewables, phenol, and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The results show that lignin-based resins have the potential to replace PF resins in kraft paper applications. For softwood paper, the highest strength was achieved using W-resin, without HMTA (2.5 times greater than PF with HMTA). For hardwood paper, MS-resin with HMTA gave the highest strength (2.3 times higher than PF with HMTA). The lignin-based resins, without HMTA, also yielded mechanical properties comparable to PF with HMTA.

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