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Journal articles
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Open Access
Case study: Paper mill power plant optimization—balancing steam venting with mill demand, TAPPI Journal June 2020

ABSTRACT: Most Power departments are tasked with generating steam to support mill wide operations, generate electricity, and reduce operating costs. To accomplish these tasks, power boilers generate high pressure steam that is reduced to intermediate and low pressures for process utilization in the mill by means of steam turbine generator extraction or pressure reducing valves. The most economical method to reduce steam pressure is the use of steam turbine generators, as electricity is generated from the steam when it is reduced in pressure. Electricity that is produced by these generators provides a substantial financial benefit and helps offset overall operational costs. To achieve tangible financial gains, the mill must evaluate the overall cost of steam production and the price of electricity.The current work provides a case study of power plant optimization that evaluated electricity production and steam production costs balanced with mill steam demand. Process and cost optimization led to a significant reduc-tion in low pressure steam venting, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and reduced operating cost.

Magazine articles
Open Access
An overview of the south african pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1999, Vol. 82(4)

An overview of the south african pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1999, Vol. 82(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Retention aids for highspeed paper machines, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1999, Vol. 82(4)

Retention aids for highspeed paper machines, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1999, Vol. 82(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
A guide to developing a best management practices (bmp) plan for spent liquor, part II, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1999, Vol. 82(12)

A guide to developing a best management practices (bmp) plan for spent liquor, part II, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 1999, Vol. 82(12)

Magazine articles
Open Access
1995 TAPPI foundation/af&pa conference: paper industry research challenges, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1996, Vol. 79(4)

1995 TAPPI foundation/af&pa conference: paper industry research challenges, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1996, Vol. 79(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Catastrophic failure of cast iron dryer roll caused by severe erosion resulting from spoiler bar failures, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1996, Vol. 79(4)

Catastrophic failure of cast iron dryer roll caused by severe erosion resulting from spoiler bar failures, TAPPI JOURNAL, April 1996, Vol. 79(4)

Magazine articles
Open Access
The global wood fiber equation - a new world order?, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1996, Vol. 79(1)

The global wood fiber equation - a new world order?, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1996, Vol. 79(1)

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Tetraethyl orthosilicate-containing dispersion coating — water vapor and liquid water barrier properties, TAPPI Journal September 2021

ABSTRACT: An aqueous styrene-butadiene latex dispersion coating containing in-situ processed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) applied on paperboard demonstrated improved water barrier performance. Coatings containing TEOS equivalent to 0.8% silicon dioxide (SiO2; dry basis) exhibited water vapor performance of < 25 g/m2/day (23°C, 50% relative humidity [RH]) and liquid water barrier performance Cobb 1800 s of < 6 g/m2, when applied as a single-layer 18 g/m2 coating. Cobb 1800 s barrier performance was still good (< 11 g/m2) at coat weights of 7•10 g/m2. The use of filler materials such as kaolin improved the vapor barrier properties of the coating, but this was not critical to the liquid water barrier properties.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Commercially relevant water vapor barrier properties of high amylose starch acetates: Fact or fiction?, TAPPI Journal September 2021

ABSTRACT: Starches have recently regained attention as ecofriendly barrier materials due to the increased demand for sustainable packaging. They are easily processable by conventional plastics processing equipment and have been utilized for oil and grease barrier applications. While starches have excellent oxygen barrier properties and decent water barrier properties at low relative humidity (RH), they are moisture sensitive, as demonstrated by the deterioration of the barrier properties at higher RH values. Starch esters are chemically modified starches where the hydroxyl group of the starch has been substituted by other moieties such as acetates. This imparts hydrophobicity to starches and has been claimed as a good way of retaining water vapor barrier properties of starches, even at high RH conditions. We studied the water vapor barrier properties of one class of starch esters, i.e., high amylose starch acetates that were assumed to have good water vapor barrier properties. Our investigations found that with a high degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups, the modified starches did indeed show improvements in water vapor response as compared to pure high amylose starch films; however, the barrier properties were orders of magnitude lower than commercially used water vapor barriers like polyethylene. Even though these materials had improved water vapor barrier response, high amylose starch acetates are likely unsuitable as water vapor barriers by themselves, as implied by previous literature studies and patents.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Evaluation of soap recovery efficiency from black liquor — analytical tools, TAPPI Journal April 2023

ABSTRACT: Soap skimmings (“soap”) are typically recovered from black liquor in kraft mills that process a high percentage of softwood. In many mills, the recovery of soap is inefficient, negatively impacting performance of evaporators and recovery boilers and resulting in loss of potential revenue. A thorough evaluation of soap recovery performance in a kraft mill requires measurement of soap content in black liquor at various sampling locations, especially around the soap skimmer.The standard laboratory method for evaluating soap content in black liquor is a complex, multi-step process that relies on solvent extraction and titration; most mills send these samples to an outside laboratory for this analysis. In this study, 100 black liquor samples, with a wide range of soap concentrations, were tested by the standard solvent extraction method. After additional dilution, each sample was also tested for surface tension with a bubble pressure tensiometer. The results were found to correlate very closely with the solvent extraction tests results. This alternate method, using surface tension measurements of diluted black liquor samples, produces rapid results and can be easily implemented in most kraft mills, which would facilitate much more frequent in-house evaluations of soap recovery performance.

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