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Open Access
Pulp and paper mills: The original biorefineries — past performance and limitations to future opportunities, TAPPI Journal October 2023

ABSTRACT: Pulp mills have been biorefineries since the invention of the Tomlinson recovery boiler. Unfortunately, the paper industry has done a poor job explaining that concept to the general public. A number of bioproducts in everyday use have been produced by pulp mills for several decades, and new products are routinely being developed. Modern research efforts over the last couple of decades have focused on producing even more products from pulp and paper mills through capacity enhancement and the development of value-added products and liquid transportation fuels to enhance paper mill profitability. Some of these efforts, often referred to as modern biorefineries, have focused so heavily on product development that they have ignored operating and process realities that limit the transformation of pulp and paper mills from the current limited number of bioproducts produced today to economic scale production of these value-added products. In this paper, several of these limitations are addressed. In addition, there are several supply chain, marketing, product quality, and economic realities limiting the value potential for these wholesale conversions of pulp mills into multiproduct modern biorefineries. Finally, the conservative nature and capital intensity of the pulp and paper industries provide a difficult hurdle for conversion to the modern biorefinery concept. These issues are also reviewed.

Journal articles
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Open Access
Kraft pulp viscosity as a predictor of paper strength: Its uses and abuses, TAPPI Journal October 2023

ABSTRACT: For bleached kraft pulps, two factors govern paper strength: the individual fiber strength, and the bond strength that adheres the individual fibers together in the paper matrix. Inherent fiber strength is related to the length of the carbohydrate polymers, also known as the degree of polymerization (DP). Average DP (DP) is inferred by performing pulp viscosity measurements. Under certain circumstances during kraft pulping and bleaching, the average polymer lengths can be shortened, resulting in lower pulp viscosity, and may indicate fiber damage. Fiber damage typically manifests itself as a reduction in tear strength for well-bonded handsheets.This paper will review the literature on how pulp viscosity can predict paper/fiber strength and how it can be used as a diagnostic tool. It can be a means to monitor pulp quality during pulping and bleaching, as well as to alert when such operations approach a critical threshold. However, viscosity losses must be carefully and judiciously analyzed. Like most diagnostic tools, viscosity measurements can be misused and abused, which can lead to incorrect inferences about intrinsic fiber strength. This review will also cover these misuses. The overall goal is to provide the papermaker a better understanding of what pulp viscosity is, how it correlates to potential sheet strength, and what its limitations are. It will be illustrated that when pulp viscosity drops below a critical value, it will indicate an appreciable deterioration in the paper’s tear and tensile strength.

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
A hundred years of corrosion in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL May 2018

A hundred years of corrosion in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL May 2018

Journal articles
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Trends to Watch in Pulp Integration, Paper360º May/June 2018

Trends to Watch in Pulp Integration, Paper360º May/June 2018

Journal articles
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Open Access
Editorial: 2018 TAPPI Journal features diverse content, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Editorial: 2018 TAPPI Journal features diverse content, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Understanding the risks and rewards of using 50% vs. 10% strength peroxide in pulp bleach plants, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Authors: Alan W. Rudie and Peter W. Hart | ABSTRACT: The use of 50% concentration and 10% concentration hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for chemical and mechanical pulp bleach plants at storage and at point of use. Several dangerous occurrences have been documented when the supply of 50% peroxide going into the pulping process was not stopped during a process failure. Startup conditions and leaking block valves during maintenance outages have also contributed to explosions. Although hazardous events have occurred, 50% peroxide can be stored safely with proper precautions and engineering controls. For point of use in a chemical bleach plant, it is recommended to dilute the peroxide to 10% prior to application, because risk does not outweigh the benefit. For point of use in a mechanical bleach plant, it is recommended to use 50% peroxide going into a bleach liquor mixing system that includes the other chemicals used to maintain the brightening reaction rate. When 50% peroxide is used, it is critical that proper engineering controls are used to mitigate any risks.

Journal articles
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Open Access
Using multistage models to evaluate how pulp washing after the first extraction stage impacts elemental chlorine-free bleach demand, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Using multistage models to evaluate how pulp washing after the first extraction stage impacts elemental chlorine-free bleach demand, TAPPI Journal November 2018

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Are North American Kraft Pulp Mills at Risk?, Paper360º November/December 2018

Are North American Kraft Pulp Mills at Risk?, Paper360º November/December 2018

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Laboratory method for determining the source of brightness loss at a southern United States bleached paperboard mill, TAPPI Journal October 2018

Laboratory method for determining the source of brightness loss at a southern United States bleached paperboard mill, TAPPI Journal October 2018

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Air and Water Management: Meeting the Ongoing Challenges, Paper360º September/October

Air and Water Management: Meeting the Ongoing Challenges, Paper360º September/October

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