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Cross-flow separation characteristics and piloting of graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane sheets and tubes for kraft black liquor concentration, TAPPI Journal September 2023
ABSTRACT: Dewatering of weak black liquor (WBL) in the kraft cycle by evaporation is highly energy intensive. Membranes are an attractive alternative for energy-efficient dewatering, but existing commercial polymeric or ceramic membranes are either degraded in BL or have high capital costs. Our recent works have demonstrated the engineering of graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration membranes, their stability and promising performance in BL conditions, and preliminary scale-up into sheets and tubes. Here, we describe in detail the separation characteristics of GO membrane sheets and tubes under real BL conditions and crossflow operation. Recycle-mode piloting of a GO tubular membrane showed average “production flux” of 16 L/m2/h (LMH) and high rejections of lignin (98.3%), total solids (66%), and total organic carbon (83%), with no signs of irreversible fouling identified. A corresponding GO sheet membrane produced an average flux of ~25 LMH and maintained high lignin rejection of ~97% during a slipstream pilot at a kraft mill site using WBL with ~16 wt% total solids (TS). Finally, we piloted a Dow/DuPont XUS1808 polyamide composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for last-mile processing of the GO nanofiltration membrane permeate. The RO membrane showed a steady state flux of 19 LMH at 65 bar and produced ~0.02 wt% TS water product, which is highly suitable for reuse in pulp washing operations in the kraft process. The results have strong positive implications for the industrial application of GO membranes in BL concentration and other related applications.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
TAPPI Journal Summaries, Paper360º September/October 2023
TAPPI Journal Summaries, Paper360º September/October 2023
Magazine articles
Enlisting management advice from the military, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (67KB)
Enlisting management advice from the military, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (67KB)
Magazine articles
Building sustainable buildings, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (68KB)
Building sustainable buildings, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (68KB)
Magazine articles
People on the move, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (117KB)
People on the move, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (117KB)
Magazine articles
Chinaâ??s paper industry: Entering the wto era, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (471KB)
China’s paper industry: Entering the wto era, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (471KB)
Magazine articles
Engineered for achievement: Carl Marschke, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (161KB)
Engineered for achievement: Carl Marschke, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (161KB)
Magazine articles
TAPPI Honors Sandy Sharp for Distinguished Service, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (152KB)
TAPPI Honors Sandy Sharp for Distinguished Service, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (152KB)
Magazine articles
Where there are problems, there are consultants, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (173KB)
Where there are problems, there are consultants, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (173KB)
Magazine articles
Similar tactics reduce corrosion and crime, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (240KB)
Similar tactics reduce corrosion and crime, Solutions!, March 2003, Vol. 86(3) (240KB)