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Treatment of Evaporator Condensate Using a High Temperature Membrane Bioreactor: Determination of Maximum Operating Temperature and System Costs, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Treatment of Evaporator Condensate Using a High Temperature Membrane Bioreactor: Determination of Maximum Operating Temperature and System Costs, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

In-Plant Effluent Control and the Environmental Performance of a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

In-Plant Effluent Control and the Environmental Performance of a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Reduction of Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS) from Kraft Mill Emission Vents Using Residual Bleach Plant Chlorine Dioxide, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Reduction of Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS) from Kraft Mill Emission Vents Using Residual Bleach Plant Chlorine Dioxide, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Reuse of Wastewater Streams in the P & P Industry Using a Physico-Chemical Treatment Process, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Reuse of Wastewater Streams in the P & P Industry Using a Physico-Chemical Treatment Process, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Controlling Air Emissions from Composite Mills Using Chemical Additives, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Controlling Air Emissions from Composite Mills Using Chemical Additives, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Volatile Organic Compound Hot-Press Emissions from Southern Pine Furnish as a Function of Adhesive Type, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Volatile Organic Compound Hot-Press Emissions from Southern Pine Furnish as a Function of Adhesive Type, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Optimizing RTO Operation Using a Mathematical Model, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Optimizing RTO Operation Using a Mathematical Model, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Mechanical Cell Lysis and Recycle to Reduce Waste Activated Sludge, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Mechanical Cell Lysis and Recycle to Reduce Waste Activated Sludge, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Clean Technology Papermaking with Less Water and Energy, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Clean Technology Papermaking with Less Water and Energy, 1999 Environmental Conference Proceedings

Journal articles
Open Access
Aging and degradation of oil and grease barrier papers coate

ABSTRACT: The long-term performance and stability of bio-based barrier coatings are critical for sustainable packaging. In this study, the aging and degradation of a biobased starch•wax emulsion coating were examined on two different base papers. Coated samples were stored for 8 months at 23°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) in their original reels to minimize external exposure and isolate internal aging effects. Multiple aging intervals were analyzed using advanced methods to assess both chemical composition and physical structure. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of both coated papers increased during the first 15 days, but after eight months, the WVTR dropped below the initial values. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results supported these trends by showing a marked rise in the polarity index (PI), occurring predominantly within the first 15 days. The overall observations, including increases in the PI, carbonyl index (CI), and absolute absorbance in the hydroxyl region, confirm that both hydrolysis and oxidation occurred during aging. The gradual increase in the aliphatic C•H stretching peaks indicated that wax components moved toward the surface over time. The non-uniform surface enrichment of oleophilic wax following migration contributed to the decline in Kit rating upon aging by facilitating oil and grease wetting and penetration. At the same time, increased wax concentration at the surface helped improve the water vapor barrier performance during long-term aging. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed distinct surface cracks over time on the starch-wax emulsion coated papers. The FTIR analysis supported these observations through an increase in the conformational disorder index (CDI) with aging. Physical changes were further reflected in the barrier performance, as the heptane vapor transmission rate (HVTR) increased significantly for both coated papers over the 8-month period.

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