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Lignin-based resins for kraft paper applications, TAPPI Journal November 2019
ABSTRACT: We investigated miscanthus (MS) and willow (W) lignin-furfural based resins as potential reinforce-ment agents on softwood and hardwood kraft paper. These resins might be sustainable alternatives to the commercial phenolformaldehyde (PF) resins. Phenol is a petrochemical product and formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The lignin used in this study was derived from hot water extraction (160ºC, 2 h) of MS and W biomass, and may be considered sulfur-free. These biorefinery lignins were characterized for their chemical composition and inherent properties via wet chemistry and instrumental techniques. The resin blends (MS-resin and W-resin) were characterized for their molecular weight, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were measured by the resin’s ability to reinforce softwood and hard-wood kraft papers. The effect of adding hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a curing agent, to the resin was also examined. Mixtures of PF and lignin-based resins were investigated to further explore ways to reduce use of non-renewables, phenol, and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The results show that lignin-based resins have the potential to replace PF resins in kraft paper applications. For softwood paper, the highest strength was achieved using W-resin, without HMTA (2.5 times greater than PF with HMTA). For hardwood paper, MS-resin with HMTA gave the highest strength (2.3 times higher than PF with HMTA). The lignin-based resins, without HMTA, also yielded mechanical properties comparable to PF with HMTA.
Shape Characteristics of Non-Spherical Black Liquor Droplets, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Shape Characteristics of Non-Spherical Black Liquor Droplets, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Intermediate-Sized Particle (ISP) Formation During Black Liquor Droplet Combustion, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Intermediate-Sized Particle (ISP) Formation During Black Liquor Droplet Combustion, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Experience Of High Pressure And High Temperature Recovery Boilers For Two Decades, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Experience Of High Pressure And High Temperature Recovery Boilers For Two Decades, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Operation And Performance of the D Set Evaporator Train At Aracruz, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Operation And Performance of the D Set Evaporator Train At Aracruz, 2004 International Chemical Recovery Conference
Cost-Benefit Assessment of Black Liquor Gasifier/Combined Cycle Technology Integrated Into a Kraft Pulp Mill, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Cost-Benefit Assessment of Black Liquor Gasifier/Combined Cycle Technology Integrated Into a Kraft Pulp Mill, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Modeling of Kraft Liquors Properties and Applications to Process Simulations, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Modeling of Kraft Liquors Properties and Applications to Process Simulations, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Behaviour of Non-Process Elements in the Kraft Recovery System, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Behaviour of Non-Process Elements in the Kraft Recovery System, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Development and Evaluation of a Low-Temperature Gasification Process for Chemical Recovery from Kraft Black Liquor, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Development and Evaluation of a Low-Temperature Gasification Process for Chemical Recovery from Kraft Black Liquor, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Practical Method for Studying NPE in a Kraft Mill, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings
Practical Method for Studying NPE in a Kraft Mill, 1998 International Chemical Recovery Conference Proceedings