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Journal articles
Open Access
Measurement of kappa number variability on the fiber level, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2002, Vol. 1(10) (147KB)

Measurement of kappa number variability on the fiber level, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2002, Vol. 1(10) (147KB)

Journal articles
Open Access
Infrared analysis for process control in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 2000, Vol. 83(10)

Infrared analysis for process control in the pulp and paper industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 2000, Vol. 83(10)

Journal articles
Open Access
Transition metal complexes: a new class of laccase mediators for pulp bleaching, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 2000, Vol. 83(10)

Transition metal complexes: a new class of laccase mediators for pulp bleaching, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 2000, Vol. 83(10)

Magazine articles
Open Access
What's new with tappi test methods?, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

What's new with tappi test methods?, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Journal articles
Open Access
Design and operation of a woodwaste cogeneration plant, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Design and operation of a woodwaste cogeneration plant, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Journal articles
Open Access
Water minimization in the washing section of a paperboard mill, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Water minimization in the washing section of a paperboard mill, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Laccase n-hydroxybenzotriazole full sequence bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Laccase n-hydroxybenzotriazole full sequence bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Environmental issues continue to be a major industry concern, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Environmental issues continue to be a major industry concern, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Magazine articles
Open Access
Taiwan holds first symposium on environmentally friendly and emerging technologies for a sustainable industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Taiwan holds first symposium on environmentally friendly and emerging technologies for a sustainable industry, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)

Journal articles
Open Access
Materials performance considerations in hydrothermal liquefaction conversion of biomass, TAPPI Journal June 2025

ABSTRACT: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising thermochemical route developed to convert woody biomass and biowaste to biochemicals and bio-oils. However, the operating conditions are rather harsh to biorefinery structural metallic components. These conditions include alkaline catalysts such as potassium carbonate (K2CO3); hot, pressurized (sub-critical) water reaction; and medium and aggressive anions chlorine (Cl•) and hydrogen sulfide (H•) released from biomass feedstocks. Thus, selection of suitable structural alloys for biorefinery components involves striking a balance between mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cost. Alloys currently being considered for this application include ferritic-martensitic steels and austenitic stainless steels. From a corrosion perspective in hot pressurized water, the former typically exhibits higher stress corrosion cracking resistance, whereas the latter exhibits higher corrosion resistance. This study reviews cost-effective corrosion control strategies aimed at increasing the chromium (Cr) content for protective surface oxide formation, as screened by testing in simulated HTL alkaline water, to support materials selection and design. Corrosion control strategies include surface modification (increasing surface Cr content), alloying (increasing bulk Cr content), and stainless-steel type (ferritic vs. austenitic). Of the alloys considered (including those subjected to surface modification), ferritic stainless steels exhibit a promising balance between corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance, adding another family of candidate alloys for structural biorefinery component materials selection and design.

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