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Considerations in managing wastewater odor at pulp and paper operations, TAPPI Journal March 2022
ABSTRACT: Many pulp and paper mills are, at least periodically, faced with the release of odors that can migrate offsite and be considered a nuisance by nearby residents. At chemical pulp mills, perceptible odors associated with reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) are common, many of which are highly perceptible owing to their low odor thresholds. As releases of RSCs and other odorous substances from production processes are progressively controlled, the proportional contribution from wastewater treatment systems to areal odors can increase. This review paper summarizes important fundamentals of odor generation, source identification, and control. Common odorous substances are identified, and mechanisms for their generation are summarized. Approaches for measuring odorous substances are detailed to enable more effective management, and various odor control strategies are discussed.
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Development of paper quality parameter measurement in China, TAPPI Journal May 2022
ABSTRACT: Paper quality parameters are important indicators of paper production, such as paper moisture, basis weight, ash content, strength, and so on. This study focuses on the online measurement methods and development of paper basis weight, moisture, and ash measuring. First, the measurable paper parameters and quality control system products in China are analyzed. Then, the basis weight measurement methods, accuracy, and development are given in the range of 10~1000 g/m2. Third, the distinction between infrared and microwave methods for moisture measurement is discussed. Finally, the ash measurement is introduced. Production and consumption of tissue paper in China have continually increased during the past decade. Near-infrared light technology is mature for the measurement of paper parameters in the range of 10~200 g/m2 basis weight. However, the near-infrared online measurement of tissue paper is not widely used, and few tissue paper lines are equipped with this type of quality control system in China. Therefore, technology for near-infrared measurement of basis weight has a great potential market in the field of tissue paper production. This article analyzes the future development trend of near-infrared light in tissue paper basis weight measurement and summarizes the difficulties in near-infrared light measurement of tissue paper basis weight.
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The Effect of Component Removal Upon the Porous Structure of the Cell Wall of Wood. II. Swelling in Water and the Fiber Saturation Point, TAPPI Journal May 2022
ABSTRACT: The word "swelling" applied to an assemblage of fibers such as wood or wood pul p is very vague.
Journal articles
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Editorial: Special coating issue contains highlighted works from TAPPICon 2023, TAPPI Journal November 2023
ABSTRACT: Did you know that TAPPI’s Coating and Graphic Arts Division has changed its name to Coating, Printing, and Surface Enhancement (CPSE) Division? This change occurred mid-year, as our members realized that the new name fits much better with the day-to-day workings of the Division, as well as the broader activities to functionalize and add value to paper and paperboard that continue to expand into new arenas.
Journal articles
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Impact of different calendering strategies on barrier coating pickup, TAPPI Journal November 2023
ABSTRACT: Paper was pre-calendered in a pilot scale configuration with a traditional soft nip calender and a metal belt calender. All calendering strategies reduced surface roughness and permeability of the samples, but different strategies affected the surface roughness and permeability differently. The metal belt calender seemed to have a larger effect on the large-scale variations compared to the soft nip calender. Six test points from the pilot calendered papers were chosen for laboratory coating studies. Uncalendered paper was included as reference samples. The calendered samples and the reference were pre-coated with a regular pigmented coating consisting of a ground calcium carbonate (GCC) pigment and a styrene acrylate (SA) latex. Both uncoated and pre-coated substrates were barrier coated with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in one and two layers. The coating pickup was determined gravimetrically, and the barrier properties were evaluated with TAPPI Standard Test Method T 454 grease resistance test. All samples needed two PVOH coating layers to form a grease barrier. The uncalendered sheets showed the best results with one coating layer, but this was at the expense of a higher coating pickup compared to the calendered sheets. The barrier coating pickup could be reduced by a combination of high temperature metal belt calendering and pre-coating. The high temperature and long residence time in the nip enabled plasticization of the fibers. This led to an irreversible deformation, even after water application. This meant that the smoothness obtained during calendering would be less affected by water-induced roughening during the coating operation.
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Use of kaolin clay in aqueous barrier coating applications, TAPPI Journal November 2023
ABSTRACT: Paper-based packaging with barrier effect, as opposed to single use plastics, is gaining more prominence for sustainability reasons. At the same time, latex- or biopolymer-based aqueous barrier coating dispersions are increasingly being adopted as a better alternative to the traditional barrier coating materials, such as wax, surface active chemicals, and polyethylene. In this work, studies were performed to determine the influence of different kaolin clays in latex binder-based aqueous coatings on barrier properties, namely, oil and grease, water resistance, and water vapor transmission rate, by applying coatings to solid bleached sulfate (SBS) paperboard substrate in the laboratory. The aim was to explore potential benefits of using kaolin clay to replace some of the latex binder in coating and improve or maintain various types of barrier performance and blocking without negatively influencing the other performance attributes, including heat seal. The delaminated clay with the highest shape factor provided improved barrier properties over the clays of low shape factor. The ultrafine and non-delaminated clays required significantly higher coat weights to reach satisfactory barrier properties. Coatings with different latex levels indicated that a considerably high proportion of coarse delaminated clay can be incorporated to replace latex binder, while still achieving exceptional barrier properties. Furthermore, a change in binder system was found to significantly alter the barrier properties and the role that a mineral pigment can play. The results indicate that a proper selection of binder systems for each barrier property would be required while considering the clay/latex coating systems.
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Editorial: The innovation engine and the forest products industry value chain, TAPPI Journal October 2023
ABSTRACT: The forest products industry (FPI • pulp, paper, paperboard, building products, allied products, and byproducts) has been continuously innovating as it manufactures and delivers value-added products to consumers worldwide. Integrated pulp and paper mills produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and byproducts like turpentine, tall oil, methanol, lignin, and other chemicals.
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Pulp and paper mills: The original biorefineries — past performance and limitations to future opportunities, TAPPI Journal October 2023
ABSTRACT: Pulp mills have been biorefineries since the invention of the Tomlinson recovery boiler. Unfortunately, the paper industry has done a poor job explaining that concept to the general public. A number of bioproducts in everyday use have been produced by pulp mills for several decades, and new products are routinely being developed. Modern research efforts over the last couple of decades have focused on producing even more products from pulp and paper mills through capacity enhancement and the development of value-added products and liquid transportation fuels to enhance paper mill profitability. Some of these efforts, often referred to as modern biorefineries, have focused so heavily on product development that they have ignored operating and process realities that limit the transformation of pulp and paper mills from the current limited number of bioproducts produced today to economic scale production of these value-added products. In this paper, several of these limitations are addressed. In addition, there are several supply chain, marketing, product quality, and economic realities limiting the value potential for these wholesale conversions of pulp mills into multiproduct modern biorefineries. Finally, the conservative nature and capital intensity of the pulp and paper industries provide a difficult hurdle for conversion to the modern biorefinery concept. These issues are also reviewed.
Journal articles
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Kraft pulp viscosity as a predictor of paper strength: Its uses and abuses, TAPPI Journal October 2023
ABSTRACT: For bleached kraft pulps, two factors govern paper strength: the individual fiber strength, and the bond strength that adheres the individual fibers together in the paper matrix. Inherent fiber strength is related to the length of the carbohydrate polymers, also known as the degree of polymerization (DP). Average DP (DP) is inferred by performing pulp viscosity measurements. Under certain circumstances during kraft pulping and bleaching, the average polymer lengths can be shortened, resulting in lower pulp viscosity, and may indicate fiber damage. Fiber damage typically manifests itself as a reduction in tear strength for well-bonded handsheets.This paper will review the literature on how pulp viscosity can predict paper/fiber strength and how it can be used as a diagnostic tool. It can be a means to monitor pulp quality during pulping and bleaching, as well as to alert when such operations approach a critical threshold. However, viscosity losses must be carefully and judiciously analyzed. Like most diagnostic tools, viscosity measurements can be misused and abused, which can lead to incorrect inferences about intrinsic fiber strength. This review will also cover these misuses. The overall goal is to provide the papermaker a better understanding of what pulp viscosity is, how it correlates to potential sheet strength, and what its limitations are. It will be illustrated that when pulp viscosity drops below a critical value, it will indicate an appreciable deterioration in the paper’s tear and tensile strength.
Journal articles
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Editorial: The next phase of research in academia and industry, TAPPI Journal September 2023
ABSTRACT: The pulp, paper, and textile sectors have contrib-uted to lifestyle improvements for people with the development and commercialization of products like toilet tissue, facial wipes, diapers, and feminine hygiene products, to name a few. Research and development (R&D) efforts in these sectors are critical now more than ever due to the need for healthcare and lifesaving products, as became evident with the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the need to meet net-zero carbon goals and the necessity to revive manufacturing in devel-oped economies clearly emphasize the requirement to ex-amine the R&D landscape. Academia, industry, and governments have respective roles to play in this field.