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Journal articles
Materials performance considerations in hydrothermal liquefaction conversion of biomass, TAPPI Journal June 2025
ABSTRACT: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising thermochemical route developed to convert woody biomass and biowaste to biochemicals and bio-oils. However, the operating conditions are rather harsh to biorefinery structural metallic components. These conditions include alkaline catalysts such as potassium carbonate (K2CO3); hot, pressurized (sub-critical) water reaction; and medium and aggressive anions chlorine (Cl•) and hydrogen sulfide (H•) released from biomass feedstocks. Thus, selection of suitable structural alloys for biorefinery components involves striking a balance between mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cost. Alloys currently being considered for this application include ferritic-martensitic steels and austenitic stainless steels. From a corrosion perspective in hot pressurized water, the former typically exhibits higher stress corrosion cracking resistance, whereas the latter exhibits higher corrosion resistance. This study reviews cost-effective corrosion control strategies aimed at increasing the chromium (Cr) content for protective surface oxide formation, as screened by testing in simulated HTL alkaline water, to support materials selection and design. Corrosion control strategies include surface modification (increasing surface Cr content), alloying (increasing bulk Cr content), and stainless-steel type (ferritic vs. austenitic). Of the alloys considered (including those subjected to surface modification), ferritic stainless steels exhibit a promising balance between corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance, adding another family of candidate alloys for structural biorefinery component materials selection and design.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Understanding the risks and rewards of using 50% vs. 10% strength peroxide in pulp bleach plants,TAPPI Journal December 2024
Authors: Alan W. Rudie and Peter W. Hart | TAPPI J. 17(11): 601(2018) - ABSTRACT: The use of 50% concentration and 10% concentration hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for chemical and mechanical pulp bleach plants at storage and at point of use. Several dangerous occurrences have been documented when the supply of 50% peroxide going into the pulping process was not stopped during a process failure. Startup conditions and leaking block valves during maintenance outages have also contributed to explosions. Although hazardous events have occurred, 50% peroxide can be stored safely with proper precautions and engineering controls. For point of use in a chemical bleach plant, it is recommended to dilute the peroxide to 10% prior to application, because risk does not outweigh the benefit. For point of use in a mechanical bleach plant, it is recommended to use 50% peroxide going into a bleach liquor mixing system that includes the other chemicals used to maintain the brightening reaction rate. When 50% peroxide is used, it is critical that proper engineering controls are used to mitigate any risks.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Wheat straw as an alternative pulp fiber, TAPPI Journal December 2024
Author: Peter W. Hart | TAPPI J. 19(1): 41(2020) - ABSTRACT: The desire to market sustainable packaging materials has led to an interest in the use of various fiber types as a raw material. It has been suggested that the use of annual crops for partial replacement of wood fiber would result in more sustainable products. Several life cycle analyses (LCA) have been performed to evaluate these claims. These LCAs provided conflicting and contradictory results because of the local conditions and the specific pulping processes investigated. Selected LCAs are reviewed and the underlying reasons for these conflicting results are analyzed.
Journal articles
Image analytical monitoring of paper quality - a feasibility
Image analytical monitoring of paper quality - a feasibility study, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 2006
Journal articles
Use of enzymes for reduction in refining energy - laboratory
Use of enzymes for reduction in refining energy - laboratory studies, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 2006
Journal articles
Data for better maintenance plans and investments policy, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, August 2003, Vol. 2(8) (354KB)
Data for better maintenance plans and investments policy, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, August 2003, Vol. 2(8) (354KB)
Journal articles
Chemical treatment in mechanical pulping, part 5: sulfite pretreatment, TAPPI JOURNAL, August 2003, Vol. 2(8) (179KB)
Chemical treatment in mechanical pulping, part 5: sulfite pretreatment, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, August 2003, Vol. 2(8) (179KB)
Journal articles
Bleaching study of kenaf mechanical pulps, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, August 2003, Vol. 2(8) (167KB)
Bleaching study of kenaf mechanical pulps, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, August 2003, Vol. 2(8) (167KB)
Journal articles
Modifying boiler operation to reduce primary air port cracking in a recovery boiler, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2003 (732KB)
Modifying boiler operation to reduce primary air port cracking in a recovery boiler, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2003 (732KB)
Journal articles
Paper properties and swelling properties of ozone-based ECF bleached softwood kraft pulps, TAPPI JOURNAL, FEB 2003 (92KB)
Paper properties and swelling properties of ozone-based ECF bleached softwood kraft pulps, Solutions! & TAPPI JOURNAL, FEB 2003 (92KB)