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A case study review of wood ash land application programs in North America, TAPPI Journal February 2021
ABSTRACT: Several regulatory agencies and universities have published guidelines addressing the use of wood ash as liming material for agricultural land and as a soil amendment and fertilizer. This paper summarizes the experiences collected from several forest products facility-sponsored agricultural application programs across North America. These case studies are characterized in terms of the quality of the wood ash involved in the agricultural application, approval requirements, recommended management practices, agricultural benefits of wood ash, and challenges confronted by ash generators and farmers during storage, handling, and land application of wood ash.Reported benefits associated with land-applying wood ash include increasing the pH of acidic soils, improving soil quality, and increasing crop yields. Farmers apply wood ash on their land because in addition to its liming value, it has been shown to effectively fertilize the soil while maintaining soil pH at a level that is optimal for plant growth. Given the content of calcium, potassium, and magnesium that wood ash supplies to the soil, wood ash also improves soil tilth. Wood ash has also proven to be a cost-effective alternative to agricultural lime, especially in rural areas where access to commercial agricultural lime is limited. Some of the challenges identified in the review of case studies include lengthy application approvals in some jurisdictions; weather-related issues associated with delivery, storage, and application of wood ash; maintaining consistent ash quality; inaccurate assessment of required ash testing; potential increased equipment maintenance; and misconceptions on the part of some farmers and government agencies regarding the effect and efficacy of wood ash on soil quality and crop productivity.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Continuous tannin extraction by use of screw reactor, TAPPI Journal February 2021
ABSTRACT: A pilot-size screw reactor (extraction unit) was used for tannin extraction of spruce. Yield of the same magnitude or better was obtained when comparing a screw reactor with batch reactors. A longer presoaking time in water seemed to be better than a short one for obtaining higher yield. A higher yield is obtained with lower dry-water ratio, which suggests that the internal diffusion in bark does not determine mass transfer as much as is the case without presoaking of bark. The higher dry-water ratio decreased the yield. The prior soaking of the bark also minimized the mechanical reactor feeding problems (clogging). The benefits of a screw reactor likely are that run time changes for different process conditions are flexible; it simplifies design and construction of an industrial unit for tannin production; and it saves space because of the need for fewer and smaller intermediate storage tanks.
Journal articles
Characterizing Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand Load Reductions from Pulp and Paper Mills for Activities Related to Total Maximum Daily Loads, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2009
Characterizing Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand Load Reductions from Pulp and Paper Mills for Activities Related to Total Maximum Daily Loads, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2009
Journal articles
Dispersion of pulp slurries using carboxymethylcellulose, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 2000, Vol. 83(10)
Dispersion of pulp slurries using carboxymethylcellulose, TAPPI JOURNAL, October 2000, Vol. 83(10)
Journal articles
Deinking of newspaper assisted by steam explosion, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2000, Vol. 83(12)
Deinking of newspaper assisted by steam explosion, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2000, Vol. 83(12)
Journal articles
The relationship between Kappa Number and Oxidizable Structures in Bleached Kraft Pulps, JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE: VOL. 28 NO. 8 AUGUST 2002 [02AUGJP262.pdf]
The relationship between kappa number and oxidizable structures in bleached kraft pulps, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, August 2002, Vol. 28(8) (107KB)
Journal articles
Isolation of Residual Kraft Lignin in High Yield and Purity, JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE: VOL. 28 NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2002 [02FEBJP50.pdf]
Isolation of residual kraft lignin in high yield and purity, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, February 2002, Vol. 28(2) (113KB)
Journal articles
Investing in the future of your mill, TAPPI JOURNAL, July 2000, Vol. 83(7)
Investing in the future of your mill, TAPPI JOURNAL, July 2000, Vol. 83(7)
Journal articles
Qualification of welding procedures for duplex stainless steels, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)
Qualification of welding procedures for duplex stainless steels, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 2000, Vol. 83(9)
Journal articles
Application of polyallylamine as a dry strength agent for paper, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2000, Vol. 83(12)
Application of polyallylamine as a dry strength agent for paper, TAPPI JOURNAL, December 2000, Vol. 83(12)