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Kraft pulp viscosity as a predictor of paper strength: Its uses and abuses, TAPPI Journal October 2023
ABSTRACT: For bleached kraft pulps, two factors govern paper strength: the individual fiber strength, and the bond strength that adheres the individual fibers together in the paper matrix. Inherent fiber strength is related to the length of the carbohydrate polymers, also known as the degree of polymerization (DP). Average DP (DP) is inferred by performing pulp viscosity measurements. Under certain circumstances during kraft pulping and bleaching, the average polymer lengths can be shortened, resulting in lower pulp viscosity, and may indicate fiber damage. Fiber damage typically manifests itself as a reduction in tear strength for well-bonded handsheets.This paper will review the literature on how pulp viscosity can predict paper/fiber strength and how it can be used as a diagnostic tool. It can be a means to monitor pulp quality during pulping and bleaching, as well as to alert when such operations approach a critical threshold. However, viscosity losses must be carefully and judiciously analyzed. Like most diagnostic tools, viscosity measurements can be misused and abused, which can lead to incorrect inferences about intrinsic fiber strength. This review will also cover these misuses. The overall goal is to provide the papermaker a better understanding of what pulp viscosity is, how it correlates to potential sheet strength, and what its limitations are. It will be illustrated that when pulp viscosity drops below a critical value, it will indicate an appreciable deterioration in the paper’s tear and tensile strength.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Kingsport Celebrates Its Centennial, Paper360º November/Dec
Kingsport Celebrates Its Centennial, Paper360º November/December 2016
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Best Practices for Wastewater Treatment and Management, Pape
Best Practices for Wastewater Treatment and Management, Paper360º November/December 2016
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Editorial: 2018 TAPPI Journal features diverse content, TAPPI Journal November 2018
Editorial: 2018 TAPPI Journal features diverse content, TAPPI Journal November 2018
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Effects of different ammonium lignosulfonate contents on the crystallization, rheological behaviors, and thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene/ammonium lignosulfonate composites, TAPPI Journal January 2020
ABSTRACT: Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) based on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a wide range of applications. However, there are currently no reports in the literature regarding the usage of TPE in making composite boards. In this paper, EPDM, PP, and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were used as the raw materials, polyethylene wax was used as the plasticizer, and a dicumyl peroxide vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was used to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of the AL contents on the crystallization behaviors, rheological properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the AL content had a noticeable impact on the performance of the composite board. Accordingly, this kind of composite material can be used as an elastomer material for the core layer of laminated flooring.
Journal articles
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Use of Ozone for Cooling Towers. Paper360º July/August 2020
Use of Ozone for Cooling Towers. Paper360º July/August 2020
Journal articles
Magazine articles
We’ve Got Good Chemistry: Innovations Papermakers Need to Know About, Paper360º March/April 2020
We’ve Got Good Chemistry: Innovations Papermakers Need to Know About, Paper360º March/April 2020
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Saica Champblain Beats Mist—But How?, Paper360º March/April 2020
Saica Champblain Beats Mist—But How?, Paper360º March/April 2020
Journal articles
Magazine articles
´We Must Grow—In All Areas’, Paper360º May/June 2020
´We Must Grow—In All Areas’, Paper360º May/June 2020
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Wireless Sensors Improve Toxic Gas Mitigation in P&P Mills, Paper360º May/June 2020
Wireless Sensors Improve Toxic Gas Mitigation in P&P Mills, Paper360º May/June 2020