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Alternative “green” lime kiln fuels: Part II—Woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification, and hydrogen, TAPPI Journal May 2020
ABSTRACT: This paper is the second of a two-part series on “green” lime kiln fuels. The first part of this work reviews the use of pulp mill and recovery byproducts as either full or partial replacement of oil or natural gas in the kiln. The second part reviews the use of various forms of woody biomass, bio-oils, gasification and hydrogen as potential carbon neutral or carbon-free lime kiln fuels. Several of these options require specialized burners to supply the fuel to the kiln and high-quality metallurgy to withstand the acidic conditions of the fuel.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Continuous digester rapid thinning, TAPPI Journal June 2024
ABSTRACT: Carbon steel continuous digesters built after the early 1980s are fully stress relieved, so stress corrosion cracking has been less of a concern. However, these newer digesters were designed to run modified cooking processes that have turned out to be much more corrosive than those running with conventional cooking. This corrosion is mainly associated with softwood digesters and appears to be flow related. Average corrosion rates of 40 mil/year are possible on the exposed shell between the wash and extraction screens. The corrosion patterns are visually distinct from surfaces in the upper digester and below the wash screens. This paper goes into practical detail on where it occurs, the causes, visual identification, inspection planning and results evaluation, and finally, how to mitigate this damage, which consists of applying a corrosion resistant barrier. Some discussion on dealing with general corrosion throughout the digester is included.
Journal articles
Gap mechanics in pulp refiners, TAPPI Journal June 2025
ABSTRACT: Studies of pulp refining have shown that a single bar impact on pulp has only a 1%•5% probability of producing a successful refining effect. This study has explored the reason why. An analysis of refining kinetics suggested that small segments of a fiber length, about a fiber diameter in size, are treated during each impact. Measurements of localized swelling along fiber lengths caused by refining supported this finding. Based on these findings, it was postulated that force transmittal through fiber networks occurred primarily at fiber crossings. The small size of fiber diameters relative to fiber lengths accounts for the low probability of a successful refining event at each impact. This probability, and the probability of fibers being captured and impacted during passage through a refiner, account for the need for multiple bar crossings to refine pulps.
Journal articles
Toward environmental resilience in pulp and paper manufacturing: Water consumption and carbon dioxide emission reductions, TAPPI Journal September 2025
ABSTRACT: Pulp and paper manufacturing is a water- and energy-intensive industrial sector, necessitating improvement of its operational efficiency, as well as reduction of emissions to the maximum extent possible. This review focuses on the reduction of water consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that originate in the pulp and paper industry (PPI). First, process simulation and optimization techniques used for water consumption reduction are reviewed. Then, techno-economic analyses of solvent-based CO2 capture from PPI are discussed. Additionally, key actions are proposed for enhancing water consumption reduction and CO2 capture in PPI.
Journal articles
Production of high yield bleached hardwood kraft pulp: Breaking the kraft pulp yield barrier,TAPPI Journal December 2024
Author: Peter W. Hart | TAPPI J. 10(9): 37(2011) - ABSTRACT: A modified kraft pulping process has been developed that successfully breaks the traditional hard-wood kraft pulp yield barrier. The process produces fully bleached, high brightness hardwood kraft pulp with a yield of greater than 53% on wood. Details of the development and processing steps, along with various recovery cycle impacts, are discussed.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
A new and quick testing method for evaluating commercial OCC recycled pulp, TAPPI Journal July 2024
ABSTRACT: In this paper, a new and quick testing method for evaluating commercial old corrugated cardboard/containers (OCC) pulp was developed and used by a large Chinese boxboard manufacturer for quality control of imported OCC pulp.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Wheat straw as an alternative pulp fiber, TAPPI Journal January 2020
ABSTRACT: The desire to market sustainable packaging materials has led to an interest in the use of various fiber types as a raw material. It has been suggested that the use of annual crops for partial replacement of wood fiber would result in more sustainable products. Several life cycle analyses (LCA) have been performed to evaluate these claims. These LCAs provided conflicting and contradictory results because of the local conditions and the specific pulping processes investigated. Selected LCAs are reviewed and the underlying reasons for these conflicting results are analyzed.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Fiber-based characterization of pulp refining, TAPPI Journal September 2022
ABSTRACT: Fiber development in pulp refining can be characterized by three parameters: number of impacts on pulp, N; energy per impact, I, and bar force on fibers, F. These parameters enable comparisons of radically different refining conditions; determination of intensity for hardwoods and softwoods; assessment of effect of bar width on fiber shortening; and predictions of tensile strength increases.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Wheat straw as an alternative pulp fiber, TAPPI Journal January 2020
Author: Peter W. Hart | ABSTRACT: The desire to market sustainable packaging materials has led to an interest in the use of various fiber types as a raw material. It has been suggested that the use of annual crops for partial replacement of wood fiber would result in more sustainable products. Several life cycle analyses (LCA) have been performed to evaluate these claims. These LCAs provided conflicting and contradictory results because of the local conditions and the specific pulping processes investigated. Selected LCAs are reviewed and the underlying reasons for these conflicting results are analyzed.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Modeling of the energy of a smelt-water explosion in the recovery boiler dissolving tank, TAPPI Journal August 2020
ABSTRACT: The explosion energy generated as molten smelt droplets interact with water was evaluated as a function of smelt distribution, water temperature, and smelt temperature using a thermodynamic model. The results show that increasing smelt-to-water volume ratio and water temperature significantly increases the explosion energy, converting a larger proportion of the thermal energy of smelt into mechanical work. To reduce the chance of violent smelt-water explosions, it is important to: i) optimize the shatter jet design and operation to uniformly distribute the smelt over a large area in the dissolving tank; ii) avoid high green liquor temperature and ensure adequate liquor mixing; and iii) avoid upsets that may cause heavy smelt runoff or jellyroll smelt.