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Open Access
Totally chlorine-free peracetic acid pulping for nanocellulose isolation from hemp and poplar, TAPPI Journal August 2023

ABSTRACT: Nanocellulose is a promising and sustainable feedstock for developing advanced and functional materials. However, the characteristics of nanocellulose, such as crystallinity, surface energy, and aspect ratio, can vary depending on biomass source and pretreatment methods, leading to variable performance of the nanocellulose-based materials. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from hemp and poplar using totally chlorine free (TCF) peracetic acid and sodium chlorite delignification and bleaching pretreatments to probe the influences of biomass source and treatment methods on the isolation and characteristics of CNCs. Our results showed that hemp and poplar were almost completely delignified by peracetic acid treatment, whereas sodium chlorite treatment left 5%•6% lignin in the pulp. The yields of CNCs from raw hemp and poplar biomass ranged from 9.8% to 21.9% and 10.9% to 28.3%, respectively, depending on the treatment methods. The dimensions of CNCs from TCF-treated biomass generally maintained a larger width and aspect ratio than those from sodium chlorite-treated biomass. The poplar-derived CNCs exhibited slightly higher crystallinity of 53%•58% than hemp-derived CNCs of 49%•54%. The zeta potential of the CNCs, ranging from -20.1 mV to -31.1 mV, ensured a well-dispersed aqueous solution. The surface energy (dispersive energy of 40•80 mJ/m2 and specific energy of 2•10 mJ/m2), water interaction, and thermal stability of the CNCs were comparable, regardless of the biomass source and pretreatment methods. Our finding suggests that the TCF technique with peracetic acid treatment is a promising delignification and bleaching approach to obtain cellulose-rich pulps from herbaceous and hardwood biomass for nanocellulose isolation.

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Open Access
SCC susceptibility of chromized type 409 stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions at ambient temperature and pressure, TAPPI Journal August 2023

ABSTRACT: Biomass hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is operated in a harsh reaction medium that contains hot pressurized water, inorganic acidic or basic catalyst, and inorganic/organic corrosive components released during the conversion. Candidate alloys for this application require suitable resistance to both corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to withstand the HTL process conditions (250°C•374°C and 4•22 MPa). Ferritic iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) steels are more prone to corrosion but less susceptible to SCC compared to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels. Chromizing can significantly reduce corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel (Fe-11Cr) in a simulated aqueous HTL solution. The objective of this study is to determine the SCC susceptibility of chromized Type 409 stainless steel, relative to the bare (non-chromized) case. The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique was used for this purpose. For simplicity of experimentation, SSRT was conducted using simulated HTL water containing 800 ppm potassium chloride (KCl), 1 M potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and 10 wt% acetic acid at ambient temperature and pressure. Complementary potentiodynamic polarization measurements and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS) were also made to help interpret the SSRT results. The SSRT results show no significant difference in SCC susceptibility, regardless of the starting surface. Thus, chromizing, while significantly reducing the corrosion of Type 409 stainless steel, does not adversely affect SCC susceptibility, at least under the conditions tested.

Journal articles
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Open Access
Combustion behaviors of lignin-lean black liquor and lignin, TAPPI JOURNAL July 2015

Combustion behaviors of lignin-lean black liquor and lignin, TAPPI JOURNAL July 2015

Journal articles
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Open Access
Editorial: Marc Foulger: All things papermaking, TAPPI JOUR

Editorial: Marc Foulger: All things papermaking, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Causality of manufacturing processes with significant time

Causality of manufacturing processes with significant time delays, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015

Journal articles
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Open Access
Desilication of bamboo for pulp production, TAPPI JOURNAL N

Desilication of bamboo for pulp production, TAPPI JOURNAL November 2015

Magazine articles
Open Access
Editorial: Scott Rosencrance: Technical innovator, TAPPI JOU

Editorial: Scott Rosencrance: Technical innovator, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2013

Magazine articles
Open Access
Guest Editorial: Paul Wiegand: Environmental expert, TAPPI J

Guest Editorial: Paul Wiegand: Environmental expert, TAPPI JOURNAL August 2012

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Guest Editorial: Paper and bioprocess engineering at SUNY-ES

Guest Editorial: Paper and bioprocess engineering at SUNY-ESF, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2012

Journal articles
Magazine articles
Open Access
Guest Editorial: J.Y. Zhu: Adapting and transforming the ind

Guest Editorial: J.Y. Zhu: Adapting and transforming the industry, TAPPI JOURNAL July 2012

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