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Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping, TAPPI Journal October 2020
ABSTRACT: In this paper, chia plant was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, and anatomical properties. Chia plant was characterized with low a-cellulose (30.5%); moderate lignin (23.2%) with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of 1.41; and shorter fiber length (0.67 mm) with thinner cell wall (1.91 µm) and good flexibility coefficient (71.44). Anatomical features showed that chia plant consists of vessels, fibers, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Chia plant pulping was evaluated in soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and formic acid/peroxyformic acid (FA/PFA) processes. Chia plant was difficult to delignify in the alkaline process. The FA/PFA process produced higher pulp yield at the same kappa number than the soda-AQ process. Unbleached soda-AQ chia pulp exhibited good properties in terms of tensile, bursting, and tearing strengths, even at the unrefined stage, due to high drainability of the pulps. Alkaline peroxide bleached FA/PFA pulp exhibited better papermaking properties and 2% higher brightness than the D0(EP)D1 bleached soda-AQ pulp.
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Editorial: New coating grades require new tests: Barrier performance inside the package, TAPPI Journal November 2024
The TAPPI Journal special Coating issue is an annual issue that focuses on paper coating and coated papers. It is drawn from presentations at TAPPICon and from other submissions on the topic of paper coating. The TAPPICon 2024 Coating track was rich in high-quality technical content. In fact, the papers were of such significance that Coating members of the TAPPI Journal Editorial Board, which include me, Gregg Reed, and Gregory Welsch, decided that a second paper coating-related special issue would be appropriate for the TAPPI Journal editorial calendar. In addition to the current issue on Barrier Coating Testing, there will be another issue on Coating Fundamentals in early 2025.
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Test method and coating composition impact on measured moisture vapor transmission rate for waterborne coatings on paper, TAPPI Journal November 2024
ABSTRACT: Moisture vapor barrier is one of the necessary performance attributes for paper packages. Two methods are typically employed to assess the moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR): the gravimetric cup method (ASTM E96) and the MOCON method (ASTM F1249). While those tests have been compared for free standing polymeric films, less is understood about their application in coated paper. Our results show that, despite a general agreement between the two methods, discrepancies exist where test protocols and material properties of coated paper impact the MVTR measurement. The measurement discrepancies can be explained by differences in local moisture concentration. Our study provides new insights on moisture vapor barrier assessment of waterborne coatings on paper and implications for achieving paper packages with improved barrier performance.
Journal articles
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Effects of different ammonium lignosulfonate contents on the crystallization, rheological behaviors, and thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene/ammonium lignosulfonate composites, TAPPI Journal January 2020
ABSTRACT: Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) based on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a wide range of applications. However, there are currently no reports in the literature regarding the usage of TPE in making composite boards. In this paper, EPDM, PP, and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were used as the raw materials, polyethylene wax was used as the plasticizer, and a dicumyl peroxide vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was used to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of the AL contents on the crystallization behaviors, rheological properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the AL content had a noticeable impact on the performance of the composite board. Accordingly, this kind of composite material can be used as an elastomer material for the core layer of laminated flooring.
Journal articles
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Development of converging-diverging multi-jet nozzles for molten smelt shattering in kraft recovery boilers, TAPPI Journal March 2021
ABSTRACT: The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption. This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a short distance between the nozzle exit and impingement position. Increasing the number of orifices generates a wider jet coverage, and the distance between the orifices should be limited to avoid the formation of a low-pressure region between the orifices. The study also demonstrates that an optimized converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle significantly outperformed a conventional shatter jet nozzle by achieving higher energy and wider coverage while consuming less steam.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Effects of different ammonium lignosulfonate contents on the crystallization, rheological behaviors, and thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene/ammonium lignosulfonate composites, TAPPI Journal January 2020
ABSTRACT: Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) based on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a wide range of applications. However, there are currently no reports in the literature regarding the usage of TPE in making composite boards. In this paper, EPDM, PP, and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were used as the raw materials, polyethylene wax was used as the plasticizer, and a dicumyl peroxide vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was used to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of the AL contents on the crystallization behaviors, rheological properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the AL content had a noticeable impact on the performance of the composite board. Accordingly, this kind of composite material can be used as an elastomer material for the core layer of laminated flooring.
Journal articles
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Understanding conductivity and soda loss
Understanding conductivity and soda loss
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The evolution of reel statistical methods, TAPPI Journal June 2019
ABSTRACT: Multiple statistical methods for calculating the variance partition analysis (VPA) of reel data have existed for decades. In the paper industry, VPA is also commonly known as reel statistics. VPA commonly consists of total variance (TOT) that is then divided into three components: cross direction (CD), machine direction (MD), and residual (RES). A common mathematical procedure is referred to as ANOVA (analysis of variance). TAPPI Standard Test Method T 545 “Cross-machine grammage profile measurement (gravimetric method)” addresses paper testing and includes the ANOVA equations that have also been used to analyze scanning data.In the 1990s, TAPPI published TIP 1101-01 “Calculation and partitioning of variance using paper machine scanning sensor measurements,” which contained simple formulas that were easy to implement and could be used by a nov-ice to generate statistics on a spreadsheet. All involved quality control system (QCS) suppliers agreed to support this common method in their QCS. TIP 1101 was recently revised, and this paper concerns the analysis of data collected from a scanning sensor in a QCS and the creation of a common method for the calculation of reel statistics by TAPPI’s Process Control Division.
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Size distribution analysis of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures in papermaking whitewater, TAPPI Journal March 2019
ABSTRACT: Microstickies present a formidable challenge for papermakers. Many strategies have been explored o control them. Enzyme treatment is a promising technology, but the mechanism of its action has not been determined, thus inhibiting further application of this new technology. This study investigated characteristics and size distributions of microstickies treated by esterase-cellulase mixtures. Determination of particle size and number was accomplished using a modified flow cytometer, which combined streaming capillary flow, laser-based particle size analysis and fluorescent dye tracing. The results showed that treatment of samples with enzyme mixtures induced size reduction of the larger microstickies. This effect was most dramatic for 1:1 ratios of esterase to cellulase. The treated particles were more stable than untreated ones. The smaller microstickies treated with some ratios of esterase and cellulase tended to aggregate over time.
Journal articles
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Novel thin functional coatings for paper by foam coating, T
Novel thin functional coatings for paper by foam coating, TAPPI JOURNAL April 2017