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Lignin-based resins for kraft paper applications, TAPPI Journal November 2019
ABSTRACT: We investigated miscanthus (MS) and willow (W) lignin-furfural based resins as potential reinforce-ment agents on softwood and hardwood kraft paper. These resins might be sustainable alternatives to the commercial phenolformaldehyde (PF) resins. Phenol is a petrochemical product and formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The lignin used in this study was derived from hot water extraction (160ºC, 2 h) of MS and W biomass, and may be considered sulfur-free. These biorefinery lignins were characterized for their chemical composition and inherent properties via wet chemistry and instrumental techniques. The resin blends (MS-resin and W-resin) were characterized for their molecular weight, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were measured by the resin’s ability to reinforce softwood and hard-wood kraft papers. The effect of adding hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a curing agent, to the resin was also examined. Mixtures of PF and lignin-based resins were investigated to further explore ways to reduce use of non-renewables, phenol, and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The results show that lignin-based resins have the potential to replace PF resins in kraft paper applications. For softwood paper, the highest strength was achieved using W-resin, without HMTA (2.5 times greater than PF with HMTA). For hardwood paper, MS-resin with HMTA gave the highest strength (2.3 times higher than PF with HMTA). The lignin-based resins, without HMTA, also yielded mechanical properties comparable to PF with HMTA.
Journal articles
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SetPoint: Fiber for the Future, Paper360º November/December 2019
SetPoint: Fiber for the Future, Paper360º November/December 2019
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Forest Tech Secures Future Fiber, Paper360º November/December 2019
Forest Tech Secures Future Fiber, Paper360º November/December 2019
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Brad Southern is Reforming Louisiana Pacific, Paper360º November/December 2019
Brad Southern is Reforming Louisiana Pacific, Paper360º November/December 2019
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IIoT for R&M: The Real Struggle, Paper360º November/December 2019
IIoT for R&M: The Real Struggle, Paper360º November/December 2019
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7 Water Waste Reduction Strategies to Improve Pump Reliability/Black Liquor Processing, Paper360º November/December 2019
7 Water Waste Reduction Strategies to Improve Pump Reliability/Black Liquor Processing, Paper360º November/December 2019
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A Case for Planners, Paper360º November/December 2019
A Case for Planners, Paper360º November/December 2019
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TAPPI News, Paper360º November/December 2019
TAPPI News, Paper360º November/December 2019
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ASPI News, Paper360º November/December 2019
ASPI News, Paper360º November/December 2019
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Magazine articles
The solubility of calcium carbonate in green liquor handling systems, TAPPI Journal October 2019
ABSTRACT: The formation of hard calcite (CaCO3) scale in green liquor handling systems is a persistent problem in many kraft pulp mills. CaCO3 precipitates when its concentration in the green liquor exceeds its solubility. While the solubility of CaCO3 in water is well known, it is not so in the highly alkaline green liquor environment. A systematic study was conducted to determine the solubility of CaCO3 in green liquor as a function of temperature, total titratable alkali (TTA), causticity, and sulfidity. The results show that the solubility increases with increased temperature, increased TTA, decreased causticity, and decreased sulfidity. The new solubility data was incorporated into OLI (a thermodynamic simulation program for aqueous salt systems) to generate a series of CaCO3 solubility curves for various green liquor conditions. The results help explain how calcite scale forms in green liquor handling systems.