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Magazine articles
Black liquor evaporators upgrade — How many effects?, TAPPI Journal April 2023
ABSTRACT: Black liquor evaporation is generally the most energy intensive unit operation in a pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The black liquor evaporators can represent a third or more of the total mill steam usage, followed by the paper machine and digester. When considering an evaporator rebuild or a new system, the key design question is how many effects to include in the system. The number of effects is the main design feature that deter-mines the economy of the system and the steam usage for a given evaporation capacity. A higher number of effects increases steam economy and reduces energy cost to a point, but additional effects also have higher initial capital cost and increased power costs. This research paper uses life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) as a method to determine the optimum number of evaporator effects for a new evaporator system. The same basic principles and method can also apply to existing evaporator rebuild projects.
Magazine articles
Life after logging, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1997, Vol. 80(1)
Life after logging, TAPPI JOURNAL, January 1997, Vol. 80(1)
Magazine articles
Survival techniques: extending the life of press fabrics, TAPPI JOURNAL, July 1997, Vol. 80(7)
Survival techniques: extending the life of press fabrics, TAPPI JOURNAL, July 1997, Vol. 80(7)
Magazine articles
The application of continuous improvement principles and methods to safety, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)
The application of continuous improvement principles and methods to safety, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)
Magazine articles
On management: taming the costs of accidents while improving safety, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)
On management: taming the costs of accidents while improving safety, TAPPI JOURNAL, November 1997, Vol. 80(11)
Magazine articles
Employee commitment, involvement key to future for jack creighton, weyerhaeuser's ceo, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1997, Vol. 80(9)
Employee commitment, involvement key to future for jack creighton, weyerhaeuser's ceo, TAPPI JOURNAL, September 1997, Vol. 80(9)
Magazine articles
The 11th fundamental research symposium investigates papermaking materials, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1998, Vol. 81(2)
The 11th fundamental research symposium investigates papermaking materials, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1998, Vol. 81(2)
Magazine articles
PIMA and tappi form alliance for paper industry education, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1998, Vol. 81(2)
PIMA and tappi form alliance for paper industry education, TAPPI JOURNAL, February 1998, Vol. 81(2)
Magazine articles
On management: energy and the pulp and paper industry - how will electric utility deregulation affect You?, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1998, Vol. 81(3)
On management: energy and the pulp and paper industry - how will electric utility deregulation affect You?, TAPPI JOURNAL, March 1998, Vol. 81(3)
Magazine articles
Adding value: industry trend reflects shift in customer/supplier relationships, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1998, Vol. 81(5)
Adding value: industry trend reflects shift in customer/supplier relationships, TAPPI JOURNAL, May 1998, Vol. 81(5)