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Effects of different ammonium lignosulfonate contents on the crystallization, rheological behaviors, and thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene/ammonium lignosulfonate composites, TAPPI Journal January 2020
ABSTRACT: Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) based on reactive blending, has an excellent processing performance and characteristics and a wide range of applications. However, there are currently no reports in the literature regarding the usage of TPE in making composite boards. In this paper, EPDM, PP, and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) were used as the raw materials, polyethylene wax was used as the plasticizer, and a dicumyl peroxide vulcanization system with dynamic vulcanization was used to make a new kind of composite material. This research studied the influences of the AL contents on the crystallization behaviors, rheological properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the AL content had a noticeable impact on the performance of the composite board. Accordingly, this kind of composite material can be used as an elastomer material for the core layer of laminated flooring.
Journal articles
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Automating Process Cooling Can Eliminate ´Strainer Danger’, Paper360º January/February 2022
Automating Process Cooling Can Eliminate ´Strainer Danger’, Paper360º January/February 2022
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Riding the Rails, Paper360º, July/August 2017
Riding the Rails, Paper360º, July/August 2017
Journal articles
Magazine articles
To Canfor, Pulp is Much More than a Commodity, Paper360º September/October 2019
To Canfor, Pulp is Much More than a Commodity, Paper360º September/October 2019
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Wood Pulp: The New Cotton for the Garment Industry?, Paper360 May/June 2019
Wood Pulp: The New Cotton for the Garment Industry?, Paper360 May/June 2019
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Walter Schalka: RISI’s Four-time Latin American CEO of the Year, Paper360º September/October
Walter Schalka: RISI’s Four-time Latin American CEO of the Year, Paper360º September/October
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Case study: Paper mill power plant optimization—balancing steam venting with mill demand, TAPPI Journal June 2020
ABSTRACT: Most Power departments are tasked with generating steam to support mill wide operations, generate electricity, and reduce operating costs. To accomplish these tasks, power boilers generate high pressure steam that is reduced to intermediate and low pressures for process utilization in the mill by means of steam turbine generator extraction or pressure reducing valves. The most economical method to reduce steam pressure is the use of steam turbine generators, as electricity is generated from the steam when it is reduced in pressure. Electricity that is produced by these generators provides a substantial financial benefit and helps offset overall operational costs. To achieve tangible financial gains, the mill must evaluate the overall cost of steam production and the price of electricity.The current work provides a case study of power plant optimization that evaluated electricity production and steam production costs balanced with mill steam demand. Process and cost optimization led to a significant reduc-tion in low pressure steam venting, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and reduced operating cost.
Journal articles
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Continuous tannin extraction by use of screw reactor, TAPPI Journal February 2021
ABSTRACT: A pilot-size screw reactor (extraction unit) was used for tannin extraction of spruce. Yield of the same magnitude or better was obtained when comparing a screw reactor with batch reactors. A longer presoaking time in water seemed to be better than a short one for obtaining higher yield. A higher yield is obtained with lower dry-water ratio, which suggests that the internal diffusion in bark does not determine mass transfer as much as is the case without presoaking of bark. The higher dry-water ratio decreased the yield. The prior soaking of the bark also minimized the mechanical reactor feeding problems (clogging). The benefits of a screw reactor likely are that run time changes for different process conditions are flexible; it simplifies design and construction of an industrial unit for tannin production; and it saves space because of the need for fewer and smaller intermediate storage tanks.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
´We Must Grow—In All Areas’, Paper360º May/June 2020
´We Must Grow—In All Areas’, Paper360º May/June 2020
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Critical parameters for tall oil separation I: The importance of ration of fatty acids to rosin acids, TAPPI Journal September 2019
ABSTRACT: Tall oil is a valuable byproduct in chemical pulping of wood, and its fractions have a large spectrum of applications as chemical precursors, detergents, and fuel. High recovery of tall oil is important for the economic and environmental profile of chemical pulp mills. The purpose of this study was to investigate critical parameters of tall oil separation from black liquor. To investigate this in a controlled way, we developed a model test system using a “synthetic” black liquor (active cooking chemicals OH- and HS- ions), a complete process for soap skimming, and determination of recovered tall oil based on solvent extraction and colorimetric analysis, with good reproducibility. We used the developed system to study the effect of the ratio of fatty acids to rosin acids on tall oil separation. When high amounts of rosin acids were present, tall oil recovery was low, while high content of fatty acids above 60% significantly promoted tall oil separation. Therefore, manipulating the content of fatty acids in black liquor before the soap skimming step can significantly affect the tall oil solubility, and hence its separation. The findings open up chemical ways to improve the tall oil yield.